| Authors | Countries | Number of P. falciparum samples positive with reference method but negative with PfHRP-based RDTa | Number of isolates with deletions in pfhrp2 gene (%) | Number of isolates with deletions in pfhrp3 gene (%) |
|---|
| Koita et al. [26]b | Mali | 22 | 10 (45.5%) | NA |
| Wurtz et al. [27]b | Senegal | 7 | 3 (42.9%) | 6 (85.8%) |
| Amoah et al. [28] | Ghana | 38 | 6 (15.8%) | NA |
| Beshir et al. [29] | Kenya | NA | NA | NA |
| Gupta et al. [30] | Mozambique | 69 | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Kozycki et al. [31] | Rwanda | 140 | 32 (22.9%) | NA |
| Menegon et al. [32] | Eritrea | NA | NA | NA |
| Parr et al. [33] | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 783 | 149 (19.0%) | NA |
| Berhane et al. [35] | Eritrea | 31 | 31 (100%) | NA |
| Nderu et al. [36]b | Kenya | 2 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Ranadive et al. [34]b | Swaziland | 9 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Funwei et al. [38] | Nigeria | 31 | 7 (22.6%) | NA |
| Kobayashi et al. [39] | Zambia | 36 | 3 (8.3%) | NA |
| Kumar et al. [42]b | India | 2 | 2 (100%) | 2 (100%) |
| Bharti et al. [43] | India | 50 | 36 (72.0%) | 27 (54.0%) |
| Pati et al. [44] | India | 58 | 38 (65.5%) | 24 (41.38%) |
- PfHRP: Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein; NA: not applicable; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; pLDH: lactate dehydrogenase; RDT: rapid diagnostic test
- aReference method was microscopy, PCR or pLDH RDT
- bThese studies were excluded from the meta-analysis of percentage of false negative samples in which deletions in pfhrp2/3 genes were found due to small sample size
