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Table 3 Proportion of isolates with deletions in pfhrp2/3 genes among false negative cases using PfHRP2-based RDTs

From: Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum field isolates with deletions in histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 genes in context with sub-Saharan Africa and India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors

Countries

Number of P. falciparum samples positive with reference method but negative with PfHRP-based RDTa

Number of isolates with deletions in pfhrp2 gene (%)

Number of isolates with deletions in pfhrp3 gene (%)

Koita et al. [26]b

Mali

22

10 (45.5%)

NA

Wurtz et al. [27]b

Senegal

7

3 (42.9%)

6 (85.8%)

Amoah et al. [28]

Ghana

38

6 (15.8%)

NA

Beshir et al. [29]

Kenya

NA

NA

NA

Gupta et al. [30]

Mozambique

69

1 (1.4%)

0 (0.0%)

Kozycki et al. [31]

Rwanda

140

32 (22.9%)

NA

Menegon et al. [32]

Eritrea

NA

NA

NA

Parr et al. [33]

Democratic Republic of the Congo

783

149 (19.0%)

NA

Berhane et al. [35]

Eritrea

31

31 (100%)

NA

Nderu et al. [36]b

Kenya

2

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Ranadive et al. [34]b

Swaziland

9

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Funwei et al. [38]

Nigeria

31

7 (22.6%)

NA

Kobayashi et al. [39]

Zambia

36

3 (8.3%)

NA

Kumar et al. [42]b

India

2

2 (100%)

2 (100%)

Bharti et al. [43]

India

50

36 (72.0%)

27 (54.0%)

Pati et al. [44]

India

58

38 (65.5%)

24 (41.38%)

  1. PfHRP: Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein; NA: not applicable; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; pLDH: lactate dehydrogenase; RDT: rapid diagnostic test
  2. aReference method was microscopy, PCR or pLDH RDT
  3. bThese studies were excluded from the meta-analysis of percentage of false negative samples in which deletions in pfhrp2/3 genes were found due to small sample size