Molecular characterization of Plasmodium falciparum antifolate resistance markers in Thailand between 2008 and 2016

Table 1 The pfdhfr/pfdhps haplotypes and pfgch1 copy number variation of P. falciparum separated by Thailand-neighboring countries between 2008 and 2016

Area	Year^a	DHFR						DHPS					GCH1	Num.
Area	Year^a	A16V	C50R	N51I	C59R	S108N	I164L	A/S436F	A437G	K540E/N	A581G	A613S/T	Single/Multiple	Num.
Thailand-Myanmar border	2008–2010	A	C	N	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	A	A	S	3
		A	C	N	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	G	A	S	1
		A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	E	A	A	M	1
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	A	A	S	4
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	A	A	M	6
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	G	A	S	12
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	G	A	M	6
		A	C	I	R	N	L	F	G	E	A	T	S	2
	2011–2013	A	C	N	R	N	I	A/S	G	E	G	A	M	1
		A	C	N	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	G	A	S	1
		A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	E	A	A	S	1
		A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	E	A	A	M	1
		A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	E	G	A	S	1
		A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	E	G	A	M	5
		A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	K	A	A	S	2
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	A	A	S	11
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	A	A	M	4
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	G	A	S	19
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	G	A	M	17
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	N	G	A	M	1
		A	C	I	R	N	L	F	G	E	A	T	S	1
		A	C	I	R	N	L	F	G	E	A	T	M	1
		A	C	I	R	N	L	F	G	E	G	A	S	1
		A	C	I	R	N	L	F	G	E	G	A	M	5
	2014–2016	A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	E	A	A	S	2
		A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	E	A	A	M	1
		A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	K	A	A	S	2
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	A	A	S	4
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	A	A	M	12
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	G	A	S	5
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	G	A	M	10
Total														146
Thailand–Cambodia border	2008–2010	A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	E	A	A	S	1
		A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	N	G	A	S	2
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	A	A	S	2
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	A	A	M	1
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	N	G	A	S	6
	2014–2016	A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	E	A	A	S	5
		A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	K	A	A	S	1
		A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	K	A	A	M	1
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	E	A	A	S	1
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	N	G	A	S	19
		A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	N	G	A	M	1
Total														40
Thailand–Malaysia border	2008–2010	A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	K	A	A	S	2
	2008–2010	A	C	I	R	N	L	A/S	G	K	A	A	S	1
	2011–2013	A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	K	A	A	S	7
	2014–2016	A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	K	A	A	S	13
		A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	K	G	A	M	5
		A	C	I	R	N	I	A/S	G	K	G	A	S	19
Total														47

Each italic upper script letters represent mutation observed in the amino acid at the corresponding position
^aThe mutations observed are grouped based on year of sample collection