Table 1 The pfdhfr/pfdhps haplotypes and pfgch1 copy number variation of P. falciparum separated by Thailand-neighboring countries between 2008 and 2016
Area | Yeara | DHFR | DHPS | GCH1 | Num. | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A16V | C50R | N51I | C59R | S108N | I164L | A/S436F | A437G | K540E/N | A581G | A613S/T | Single/Multiple | |||
Thailand-Myanmar border | 2008–2010 | A | C | N | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | A | A | S | 3 |
A | C | N | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | G | A | S | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | E | A | A | M | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | A | A | S | 4 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | A | A | M | 6 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | G | A | S | 12 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | G | A | M | 6 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | F | G | E | A | T | S | 2 | ||
2011–2013 | A | C | N | R | N | I | A/S | G | E | G | A | M | 1 | |
A | C | N | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | G | A | S | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | E | A | A | S | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | E | A | A | M | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | E | G | A | S | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | E | G | A | M | 5 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | K | A | A | S | 2 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | A | A | S | 11 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | A | A | M | 4 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | G | A | S | 19 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | G | A | M | 17 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | N | G | A | M | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | F | G | E | A | T | S | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | F | G | E | A | T | M | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | F | G | E | G | A | S | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | F | G | E | G | A | M | 5 | ||
2014–2016 | A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | E | A | A | S | 2 | |
A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | E | A | A | M | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | K | A | A | S | 2 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | A | A | S | 4 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | A | A | M | 12 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | G | A | S | 5 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | G | A | M | 10 | ||
Total | 146 | |||||||||||||
Thailand–Cambodia border | 2008–2010 | A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | E | A | A | S | 1 |
A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | N | G | A | S | 2 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | A | A | S | 2 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | A | A | M | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | N | G | A | S | 6 | ||
2014–2016 | A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | E | A | A | S | 5 | |
A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | K | A | A | S | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | K | A | A | M | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | E | A | A | S | 1 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | N | G | A | S | 19 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | N | G | A | M | 1 | ||
Total | 40 | |||||||||||||
Thailand–Malaysia border | 2008–2010 | A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | K | A | A | S | 2 |
A | C | I | R | N | L | A/S | G | K | A | A | S | 1 | ||
2011–2013 | A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | K | A | A | S | 7 | |
2014–2016 | A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | K | A | A | S | 13 | |
A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | K | G | A | M | 5 | ||
A | C | I | R | N | I | A/S | G | K | G | A | S | 19 | ||
Total | 47 | |||||||||||||