Table 1 The summary of experimental design on WHO and I-ACT bioassays
Particular | WHO cone test | WHO tunnel test | Ifakara Ambient Chamber test (I-ACT) |
|---|---|---|---|
Mosquitoes exposed | 80 per net | 100 per net piece | 60 (30 per strain) per net |
Exposure time | 3 min | 12 h | 9 h |
Mosquito holding conditions | 27 °C ± 5 °C 40–100% RH | 27 °C ± 5 °C 40–100% RH | 27 °C ± 5 °C 40–100% RH |
Mosquito status | 3–5 day old female, sugar-fed, nulliparous | 5–8 day old female, sugar-starved, nulliparous | 5–8 day old female, sugar-starved, nulliparous |
Bait | None | Rabbit | Human |
Outcome measures | % KD60 (uncoordnated movement or unable to move or body impairement or rapid fall after take off by the mosquito after one hour (60mins)) % 24-h mortality | % Feeding inhibition % 24-h mortality | % Feeding inhibition % 24-h mortality |
WHO efficacy criteria | ≥ 95% KD60 ≥ 80% 24-h mortality | ≥ 90% feeding inhibition ≥ 80% 24-h mortality | ≥ 90% feeding inhibition ≥ 80% 24-h mortality |
Test validity on negative control | ≤ 10% mortality | ≥ 50% feeding success ≤ 10% mortality | ≥ 50% feeding success ≤ 10% mortality |
Analysis | Descriptive analysis | Descriptive analysis | Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression |