Fig. 2

Intervention periods, and TPR trends by age category (< 5, 5–15 and > 15 years) and site. Intervention periods, defined based on malaria control activities per site: Walukuba: LLINs alone. Period 1 (Jan 2009–Oct 2013): Prior to the first mass LLIN distribution campaign conducted during October 2013. Period 2 (Nov 2013–May 2017): Post first mass LLIN distribution and prior to second distribution campaign conducted during May 2017. Period 3 (Jun 2017–Jul 2018): Post second mass LLIN campaign to study endline. Kasambya: LLINs alone. Period 1 (Jan 2009–Nov 2013): Prior to first mass LLIN distribution campaign conducted during November 2013. Period 2 (Dec 2013–Nov 2017): Post first mass LLIN distribution campaign and prior to second distribution campaign conducted during November 2017. Period 3 (Dec 2017–Jul 2018): Post second mass distribution campaign to study endline. Aduku: LLINs, IRS and iCCM. Period 1 (Jan 2009–Aug 2010): One IRS round with the pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin insecticide was implemented in March 2010. Period 2 (Sep 2010–Apr 2014): Received intense IRS campaign with nine rounds of carbamate bendiocarb approximately 6-monthly, the last of which was conducted during May 2014. The first mass LLIN distribution campaign was also conducted in July 2014. Period 3 (May 2014–May 2017): IRS withdrawal for 3 years till one round of IRS with the organophosphate Actellic insecticide conducted during May 2017. The second mass LLIN distribution campaign was also conducted over this period and iCCM implemented effective 2016. Period 4 (Jun 2017–Jul 2018): Post last round of IRS (May 2017) to study endline. Nagongera: LLINs and IRS. Period 1 (Jan 2009–Nov 2013): Prior to first mass LLIN distribution campaign conducted during November 2013. Period 2 (Dec 2013–Jan 2015): Post first mass distribution and prior to first IRS campaign conducted during January 2015. Period 3 (Feb 2015–Jul 2018): Period where six rounds of IRS were conducted, three rounds with bendiocarb approximately 6-monthly followed by three rounds with Actellic approximately 12-monthly, as well as the second mass LLIN distribution campaign conducted in May 2017