The potential of anti-malarial compounds derived from African medicinal plants: a review of pharmacological evaluations from 2013 to 2019

Bekono, Boris D.; Ntie-Kang, Fidele; Onguéné, Pascal Amoa; Lifongo, Lydia L.; Sippl, Wolfgang; Fester, Karin; Owono, Luc C. O.

doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03231-7

Table 3 Summary of flavonoids

From: The potential of anti-malarial compounds derived from African medicinal plants: a review of pharmacological evaluations from 2013 to 2019

Compound subclass	Isolated metabolites	Plasmodial strain (activities)	Plant species (Family), Taxon ID^b	Part of the plant studied	Place of harvest (locality, country)	Author, references
Flavanones and flavones	37 to 43	D6 (from 11.26 to 56.31 μM)	Senecio roseiflorus (Compositae-Asteraceae), NCBI:txid1886451	Leaves	Mount Kenya Forest, Meru, Kenya	Kerubo et al. [76]
	37 to 43	W2 (from 15.48 to 87.50 μM)		Leaves	Mount Kenya Forest, Meru, Kenya	Kerubo et al. [76]
	44 to 46	D6 (from 11.30 to 14.00 μM)	Tephrosia villosa (Leguminosae-Fabaceae), NCBI:txid62125	Roots	Manyani, TaitaTaveta County, Kenya	Muiva-Mutisya et al. [77]
	44 to 46	W2 (from 13.10 to 20.40 µM)	Tephrosia villosa (Leguminosae-Fabaceae), NCBI:txid62125	Roots	Manyani, TaitaTaveta County, Kenya	Muiva-Mutisya et al. [77]
	47 and 48	F32 (from 2.18 to 21.13 μM)	Allanblackia floribunda (Guttiferae- Clusiaceae), NCBI:txid469914	Whole plant	Mount Kala, Cameroon	Azebaze et al. [78]
	47 and 48	FcM29 (from 1.75 to 22.59 μM)		Whole plant	Mount Kala, Cameroon	Azebaze et al. [78]
	49	W2mef (19.37 μM)	Peperomia vulcanica (Piperaceae), NCBI:txid1719589	Whole plant	Mount Cameroon, Cameroon	Ngemenya et al. [79]
	49	Dd2 (3.18 μM)	Peperomia vulcanica (Piperaceae), NCBI:txid1719589	Whole plant	Mount Cameroon, Cameroon	Ngemenya et al. [79]
Glycoflavonoids	50 and 51	D6 (97.1 and 42.9 μM, respectively)	Ekebergia capensis (Meliaceae), NCBI:txid124949	Leaves	Gakoe Forest, Kiambu County, Kenya	Irungu et al. [80]
	50 and 51	W2 (105.8 μM)	Ekebergia capensis (Meliaceae), NCBI:txid124949	Leaves	Gakoe Forest, Kiambu County, Kenya	Irungu et al. [80]
	52 and 53		Gardenia ternifolia (Rubiaceae), NCBI:txid1237590; Crossopteryx febrifuga (Rubiaceae), NCBI:txid170354; and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae), NCBI:txid126435	Stem barks and leaves	Kinshasa, DR Congo	Tshitenge et al. [26]
	54	F32 (15.98 and 40.36 μM, respectively, at 24 h and 72 h)	Allanblackia floribunda (Guttiferae- Clusiaceae), NCBI:txid469914	Whole plant	Mount Kala, Cameroon	Azebaze et al. [78]
	54	FcM29 (11.69 and 33.24 µM , respectively, at 24 h and 72 h)		Whole plant	Mount Kala, Cameroon	Azebaze et al. [78]
Isoflavones	55 to 70	W2 (from 14.9 to 53.1 μM)	Millettia oblata ssp. teitensis (Leguminosae-Fabaceae), NCBI:txid53625	Stem bark	Taita Hill Forest, Kenya	Derese et al. [81]
	63^a	D6 (from 13.3 to 48.7 μM)		Stem bark	Taita Hill Forest, Kenya	Derese et al. [81]
	71^a to 74	3D7 and Dd2 (70 to 90% inhibition at 40 μM)	Millettia dura (Leguminosae-Fabaceae), NCBI:txid62119	Root bark	Kisarawe, Tanzania	Marco et al. [82]
Retonoids	75 to 77	D6 (18.71 µM for compound 75 and 9.60 μg/mL for a mixture of compounds 76 and 77)	Tephrosia villosa (Leguminosae-Fabaceae), NCBI:txid62125	Roots	Manyani, Taita Taveta County, Kenya	Muiva-Mutisya et al. [77]
Retonoids	75 to 77	W2 (28.64 µM for compound 75 and 22.60 μg/mL for a mixture of compounds 76 and 77)	Tephrosia villosa (Leguminosae-Fabaceae), NCBI:txid62125	Roots	Manyani, Taita Taveta County, Kenya	Muiva-Mutisya et al. [77]

^aCompounds identified for the first time in the cited publications
^bIdentification number of the source species, derived from the NCBI Taxonomy database

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