The potential of anti-malarial compounds derived from African medicinal plants: a review of pharmacological evaluations from 2013 to 2019

Bekono, Boris D.; Ntie-Kang, Fidele; Onguéné, Pascal Amoa; Lifongo, Lydia L.; Sippl, Wolfgang; Fester, Karin; Owono, Luc C. O.

doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03231-7

Table 4 Summary of phenolics and quinones

From: The potential of anti-malarial compounds derived from African medicinal plants: a review of pharmacological evaluations from 2013 to 2019

Compound subclass	Isolated metabolites	Plasmodial strain (activities)	Plant species (Family), Taxon ID^b	Part of the plant studied	Place of harvest (locality, country)	Author, references
Ellagic acid derivative (phenolics)	78	D6 (8.01 µM)	Terminalia brownii (Combretaceae), NCBI:txid1548809	Stem bark	Machakos County, Kenya	Machumi et al. [84]
Ellagic acid derivative (phenolics)	78	W2 (8.01 µM)	Terminalia brownii (Combretaceae), NCBI:txid1548809	Stem bark	Machakos County, Kenya	Machumi et al. [84]
Phenolic glycosides (phenolics)	79 and 80		Gardenia ternifolia (Rubiaceae), NCBI:txid1237590; Crossopteryx febrifuga (Rubiaceae), NCBI:txid170354; and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae), NCBI:txid126435	Stem barks and leaves	Kinshasa, DR Congo	Tshitenge et al. [26]
Anthraquinones (quinones)	81^a, 82 to 92	D6 (from 0.47 to 23.25 μM)	Kniphofia foliosa (Asphodelaceae), NCBI:txid214838	Rhizomes	Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Induli et al. [85]
	89	W2 (from 0.35 to 18.42 μM )	Kniphofia foliosa (Asphodelaceae), NCBI:txid214838	Rhizomes	Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Induli et al. [85]
	93	D6 (7.73 μM)	Kniphofia foliosa (Asphodelaceae), NCBI:txid214838	Roots	Gedo, Ethiopia	Abdissa et al. [86]
	93	W2 (2.22 μM)	Kniphofia foliosa (Asphodelaceae), NCBI:txid214838	Roots	Gedo, Ethiopia	Abdissa et al. [86]
	89^a	D6 (9.40 μM)	Kniphofia foliosa (Asphodelaceae), NCBI:txid214838	Roots	Gedo, Ethiopia	Abdissa et al. [86]
	89^a	W2 (14.58 μM)	Kniphofia foliosa (Asphodelaceae), NCBI:txid214838	Roots	Gedo, Ethiopia	Abdissa et al. [86]
	82	3D7 (0.7 μM)	Kniphofia foliosa (Asphodelaceae), NCBI:txid214838	Leaves	Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Feilcke et al. [89]
	90^a and 91^a	K1 (0.17 and 0.26 μm, respectively)	Bulbine frutescens (Asphodelaceae), NCBI:txid210954	Roots	Chiromo Campus Garden, Kenya	Bringmann et al. [87]
	94 to 96	D6 (19.66 to 82.80 μM)	Aloe pulcherrima (Asphodelaceae), NCBI:txid25641	Roots	Saka Chokorsa, Ethiopia	Abdissa et al. [88]
	94 to 96	W2 (64.46 to 141.95 μM)	Aloe pulcherrima (Asphodelaceae), NCBI:txid25641	Roots	Saka Chokorsa, Ethiopia	Abdissa et al. [88]
	86	3D7 (1.9 μM)	Kniphofia foliosa (Asphodelaceae), NCBI:txid214838	Leaves	Addis Ababa, Ethiopia	Feilcke et al. [89]
	97^a	NF54 (weak activity)	Diospyros canaliculata (Ebenaceae), NCBI:txid13492	Stem bark	Kribi, Cameroon	Lenta et al. [90]
Anthrones (quinones)	98 to 101	Suppression of parasitaemia from 36.8 to 66.8% at doses of 100 to 400 mg/kg /day	Aloe percrassa (Asphodelaceae), NCBI:txid1593100	Leaf latex	Edagahamus, Ethiopia	Geremedhin et al. [91]
Naphthohydroquinones (quinones)	102^a, 103^a, 104^a, 105^a and 106^a	D6 (from 19.59 to 36.03 μM)	Pentas bussei (syn: Rhodopentas bussei, Rubiaceae), NCBI:txid387051	Roots	Mombasa, Kenya	Endale et al. [92]
Naphthohydroquinones (quinones)	102^a, 103^a, 104^a, 105^a and 106^a	W2 (60.08 to 144.43 μM)		Roots	Mombasa, Kenya	Endale et al. [92]
Other quinones	107	W2mef (52.25 μM)	Peperomia vulcanica (Piperaceae), NCBI:txid1719589	Whole plant	Mount Cameroon, Cameroon	Ngemenya et al. [79]
	108^a	D6 (19.28 μM)	Neoboutonia macrocalyx (Euphorbaceae), NCBI:txid316724	Stem bark	Kibale National Park, Uganda	Namukobe et al. [93]
	108^a	W2 (14.17 μM)	Neoboutonia macrocalyx (Euphorbaceae), NCBI:txid316724	Stem bark	Kibale National Park, Uganda	Namukobe et al. [93]

^aCompounds identified for the first time in the cited publications
^bIdentification number of the source species, derived from the NCBI Taxonomy database

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