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Table 7 Summary of triterpenoids

From: The potential of anti-malarial compounds derived from African medicinal plants: a review of pharmacological evaluations from 2013 to 2019

Compound subclass

Isolated metabolites

Plasmodial strain (activities)

Plant species (Family), Taxon IDb

Part of the plant studied

Place of harvest (Locality, Country)

Author, references

Acyclic triterpenes

132 and 133

D6 (IC50 values = 27.1 and 56.1 µM, respectively)

Ekebergia capensis (Meliaceae), NCBI:txid124949

Leaves

Gakoe forest, Kiambu County, Kenya

Irungu et al. [80]

W2 (IC50 values = 66.9 and 64.3 µM, respectively)

Apotirucallane triterpenoids

134a, 135a, 136a, 137a, 138a, 139a, and 140 to 142

NF54 (IC50 values range from 0.67 to 19.3 µM)

Entandrophragma congoense (Meliaceae), NCBI:txid2590899

Bark

Nkomokui, Cameroon

Happi et al. [101]

Cycloartane triterpenes

143 to 150

FcB1 (all IC50 values < 11 μM, the lowest value being 1.48 μM)

Neoboutonia macrocalyx (Euphorbaceae), NCBI:txid316724

Stem bark

Kibale National Park, Uganda

Namukobe et al. [96]

aAll new

Lanostane triterpene

151a

D6 (IC50 value = 257.8 nM)

Ganoderma sp. (Ganodermataceae), NCBI:txid5314

Whole organism

Egypt

Wahba et al. [102]

W2 (IC50 value = 2000.0 nM)

Limonoids

152

D6 (IC50 value = 84.7 µM)

Ekebergia capensis (Meliaceae), NCBI:txid124949

Leaves

Gakoe forest, Kiambu County, Kenya

Irungu et al. [80]

W2 (IC50 value = 150.2 µM)

153 to 157

D6 (IC50 values range from 2.4 to 36.6 µM)

Turraea robusta (Meliaceae), NCBI:txid1899148

Root bark

Nairobi, Kenya

Irungu et al. [95]

W2 (from 1.1 to 40.5 µM)

Oleanane triterpenes

158 to 161

D6 (IC50 values range from 38.8 to 205.0 µM)

Ekebergia capensis (Meliaceae), NCBI:txid124949

Leaves

Gakoe forest, Kiambu County, Kenya

Irungu et al. [80]

W2 (IC50 values range from 76.7 to 179.4 µM)

160 and 162

3D7 (IC50 values = 59.4 and 32.4 µM, respectively)

Keetia leucantha (Rubiaceae), NCBI:txid 43504

Twigs

Adjarra-Ouémé, Benin Republic

Bero et al. [103]

162, 163 and 164

D10 (IC50 values range from 3.81 to 15.54 μM)

Mimusops caffra (Sapotaceae), NCBI:txid362720

Leaves

Durban, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa

Simelane et al. [104]

Tirucallane-type triterpenoids

165a , 166a and 167

NF54 (IC50 values range from 2.4 to 6.1 µM)

Entandrophragma congoense (Meliaceae), NCBI:txid2590899

Bark

Nkomokui, Cameroon

Happi et al. [105]

Protolimonoids

168 to 170

D6 (IC50 values range from 36.8 to 48.2 µM)

Turraea nilotica (Meliaceae), NCBI:txid992803

Stem bark

Nairobi, Kenya

Irungu et al. [95]

W2 (IC50 values range from 37.2 to 77.0 µM)

Other triterpenoids (hopane-type and cycloartane-type)

171

NF54 (IC50 value = 112.94 μM)

Diospyros canaliculata (Ebenaceae), NCBI:txid13492

Stem bark

Kribi, Cameroon

Lenta et al. [90]

172

NF54 (IC50 value = 97.73 μM)

Erythrina caffra (Papilionaceae), NCBI:txid3842

Stem bark

Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

Chukwujekwu et al. [106]

173

FcB1( IC50 value = 2.15 µM)

Neoboutonia macrocalyx (Euphorbaceae), NCBI:txid316724

Stem bark

Kibale National Park, Uganda

Namukobe et al. [96]

  1. aCompounds identified for the first time in the cited publications
  2. bIdentification number of the source species, derived from the NCBI Taxonomy database