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Table 4 Crude and adjusted OR for the association between environmental risk factors and positive secondary households

From: Improving the efficiency of reactive case detection for malaria elimination in southern Zambia: a cross-sectional study

Risk Factors

Crude OR

Adjusted OR

Distance to index household (per 50 m)

1.21 (0.95, 1.54)

1.24ϯ (0.98, 1.58)

Distance to main road (per 50 m)

1.00 (0.99, 1.00)

1.00 (1.00, 1.01)

Elevation difference with index household (per 10 m)

1.00 (0.97, 1.03)

1.00 (0.94, 1.08)

Number of animal pens

1.01 (0.75, 1.37)

0.95 (0.60, 1.48)

Animal pen present

  

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.14 (0.55, 2.34)

1.60 (0.57, 4.47)

Nearest stream order

  

 First

Ref

Ref

 Second

0.77 (0.23, 2.65)

0.66 (0.17, 2.48)

 Third

2.44Â¥ (0.98, 6.08)

2.97* (1.04, 8.42)

 Fourth

1.23 (0.16, 9.56)

1.62 (0.21, 12.65)

 Fifth

1.87 (0.81, 4.32)

2.30* (1.04, 5.09)

Season

  

 Cool dry season (May–Aug)

Ref

Ref

 Hot dry season (Sep–Nov)

0.38 (0.08, 1.87)

0.49 (0.10, 2.47)

 Rainy season (Dec–Apr)

1.05 (0.52, 2.13)

1.37 (0.66, 2.83)

  1. Exponentiated coefficients; 95% confidence intervals in brackets
  2. †p-value for adjusted OR for distance to index household is marginal (p = 0.074)
  3. ¥ p-value for crude OR for nearest stream category 3 is marginal (p = 0.056)
  4. *p < 0.05