A. Predictors of P. falciparum infections | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 2005 (N = 2486) | 2012–2013 (N = 2370) | ||||||
% Pf | aOR | 95% CI | p-value | % Pf | aOR | 95% CI | p-value | |
Female | 55.5% | 1.0 | Â | 0.040 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 57.3% | 1.2 | [1.01–1.4] |  |  |  | ||
Anaemia | < 0.001 |  |  |  | 0.0029 | |||
 No | 49.3% | 1.0 |  | 3.8% | 1.0 |  | ||
 Mild | 51.2% | 1.2 | [0.95–1.6] | 5.0% | 1.1 | [0.6–2.0] | ||
 Moderate | 60.0% | 1.8 | [1.4–2.3] | 12.0% | 1.9 | [1.1–3.2] | ||
 Severe | 71.7% | 3.4 | [2.0–5.6] | 28.1% | 3.9 | [1.6–9.8] | ||
Age group | < 0.001 |  |  |  | 0.103 | |||
 0–3 | 25.8% | 1.0 |  | 6.0% | 1.0 |  | ||
 > 3–6 | 44.4% | 2.9 | [1.8–4.4] | 8.7% | 3.2 | [0.7–15.3] | ||
 > 6–9 | 59.5% | 5.1 | [3.3–7.6] | 12.0% | 4.6 | [1.0–22.0] | ||
 > 9–12 | 70.2% | 8.2 | [5.2–12.] | 10.7% | 4.1 | [0.9–19.6] | ||
 > 12–20 | 73.6% | 12.9 | [8.3–19.] | 9.2% | 7.1 | [1.5–34.5] | ||
 > 20 | 54.1% | 4.7 | [3.1–6.8] | 6.3% | 4.0 | [0.9–18.1] | ||
Current or recent reported febrile illness | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.0050 | |||
 No |  |  |  | 6.8% | 1.0 |  | ||
 Yes |  |  |  | 14.8% | 2.0 | [1.3–3.1] | ||
P. vivax infected by qPCR |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |||
 No |  |  |  | 5.6% | 1.0 |  | ||
 Yes |  |  |  | 48.1% | 5.6 | [3.4–9.1] | ||
Village | < 0.001 |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |||
 5. Ilahita 3 | 57.4% | 1.0 |  | 2.1% | 1.0 |  | ||
 6. Ilahita 4 | 55.0% | 1.0 | [0.60–1.5] | 3.0% | 1.4 | [0.3-6.0] | ||
 7. Sunuhu | 81.9% | 3.8 | [2.2–6.2] | 51.4% | 26.2 | [7.8–88.1] | ||
 4. Urita | 61.0% | 1.1 | [0.71–1.8] | 5.0% | 1.7 | [0.4–6.9] | ||
 3. Salata | NA |  |  | 6.1% | 2.7 | [0.7–9.9] | ||
 2. Waragom | 68.6% | 1.6 | [0.97–2.5] | 16.7% | 8.0 | [2.2–29.4] | ||
 12. Jama | 38.8% | 0.4 | [0.2–0.6] | 3.9% | 1.8 | [0.4–7.8] | ||
 13. Sengo | 54.3% | 0.8 | [0.48–1.2] | 7.5% | 4.2 | [1.2–14.5] | ||
 14. Maiwi | 48.0% | 0.6 | [0.35–0.9] | 13.4% | 6.6 | [1.7–25.8] | ||
 15. Malba 1 | 49.7% | 0.7 | [0.47–1.1] | 1.3% | 0.6 | [0.1–2.9] | ||
 16. Malba 2 | 58.6% | 1.2 | [0.73–1.8] | 3.6% | 2.2 | [0.6–8.6] | ||
 17. Yenigo | 50.3% | 0.9 | [0.55–1.3] | 0.6% | 0.4 | [0.0–3.7] | ||
 10. Wapindumaka | NA |  |  | 3.8% | 2.1 | [0.5–8.5] | ||
 11. Wombisa | 53.5% | 0.8 | [0.51–1.3] | 1.0% | 0.5 | [0.08–3.0] | ||
 8. Wapin | 49.3% | 0.8 | [0.47–1.2] | NA |  |  | ||
 1. Bonohi | 56.4% | 1.1 | [0.68–1.7] | NA |  |  | ||
 9. Bangeleko | 59.5% | 1.0 | [0.63–1.6] | NA |  |  |
B. Predictors of P. vivax infections | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | 2005 (N = 2441) | 2013 (N = 2324) | ||||||
% | aOR | 95% CI | p | % | aOR | 95% CI | p | |
Recent reported anti-malarial treatment | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  | |||
 No | 38.3% | 1 |  |  |  |  |  | |
 Yes | 22.1% | 0.4 | [0.3–0.6] |  |  |  |  | |
Current or recent reported febrile illness | 0.006 | Â | Â | Â | Â | |||
 No | 37.9% | 1.0 |  |  |  |  |  | |
 Yes | 25.6% | 0.6 | [0.4–0.9] |  |  |  |  | |
 Female | 34.8% | 1.0 |  | 0.077 |  |  |  |  |
 Male | 39.5% | 1.2 | [0.98–1.4] |  |  |  |  | |
Age group | < 0.001 |  |  |  | 0.0030 | |||
 0–3 | 24.3% | 1.0 |  | 6.5% | 1.0 |  | ||
 > 3–6 | 49.0% | 3.0 | [1.9–4.7] | 7.5% | 1.4 | [0.3–5.8] | ||
 > 6–9 | 48.7% | 2.8 | [1.9–4.3] | 10.7% | 2.2 | [0.5–9.1] | ||
 > 9–12 | 53.1% | 3.4 | [2.2–5.3] | 11.7% | 2.8 | [0.7–11.8] | ||
 > 12–20 | 37.1% | 1.7 | [1.1–2.6] | 5.8% | 1.3 | [0.3–5.2] | ||
 > 20 | 29.7% | 1.1 | [0.8–1.7] | 3.8% | 0.9 | [0.2–3.7] | ||
P. falciparum infected by qPCR |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |||
 No |  |  |  | 3.3% | 1.0 |  | ||
 Yes |  |  |  | 32.7% | 4.9 | [3.1–7.8] | ||
Village | 0.0012 |  |  |  | < 0.001 | |||
 5. Ilahita 3 | 38.6% | 1.0 |  | 2.1% | 1.0 |  | ||
 6. Ilahita 4 | 37.8% | 1.1 | [0.7–1.7] | 2.4% | 1.1 | [0.2–5.1] | ||
 7. Sunuhu | 40.3% | 1.1 | [0.7–1.8] | 36.0% | 11.9 | [3.5–40.4] | ||
 4. Urita | 46.9% | 1.3 | [0.8–2.1] | 9.0% | 4.2 | [1.2–14.9] | ||
 3. Salata | NA |  |  | 5.3% | 2.4 | [0.7–8.6] | ||
 2. Waragom | 42.0% | 1.1 | [0.7–1.7] | 8.4% | 3.5 | [0.9–13.7] | ||
 12. Jama | 29.1% | 0.6 | [0.4–1.0] | 3.1% | 1.3 | [0.3–6.1] | ||
 13. Sengo | 26.2% | 0.5 | [0.3–0.8] | 4.4% | 1.8 | [0.5–6.3] | ||
 14. Maiwi | 36.4% | 0.8 | [0.5–1.3] | 2.9% | 0.9 | [0.1–5.4] | ||
 15. Malba 1 | 44.9% | 1.2 | [0.7–1.9] | 1.6% | 0.7 | [0.2–3.4] | ||
 16. Malba 2 | 42.2% | 1.1 | [0.7–1.8] | 1.7% | 0.7 | [0.1–3.4] | ||
 17. Yenigo | 36.9% | 0.9 | [0.5–1.4] | NA |  |  | ||
 10. Wapindumaka | NA |  |  | 0.5% | 0.2 | [0.02–2.0] | ||
 11. Wombisa | 34.9% | 0.8 | [0.5–1.3] | 0.5% | 0.2 | [0.02–2.3] | ||
 8. Wapin | 29.9% | 0.6 | [0.4–1.1] | NA |  |  | ||
 1. Bonohi | 34.7% | 0.8 | [0.5–1.3] | NA |  |  | ||
 9. Bangeleko | 33.1% | 0.7 | [0.4–1.1] | NA |  |  |