Fig. 4

Generation and characterization of monocyte derived hepatocytes from P. vivax infected patients. a Representative image of emerging iPSC colony obtained from three different P. vivax patient PBMCs at day 12 of the protocol. b Karyotyping result of the indicated iPSC lines derived from three different vivax patient. c Representative images of indicated pluripotency marker expression in iPSC’s derived from monocytes of three different vivax patients assessed by antibody staining and ALP activity staining. DAPI (blue) was used as a nuclear stain in fluorescence images. Scale bar is 100 µm. d Representative images of phase contrast and respective marker expression based on antibody staining from DE, HB and HE stages from one of the patient iPSC derived hepatocyte. Scale bar is 100 μm. Representative images of phase contrast and immunostaining image of HB stage from one of the patient iPSC derived hepatocyte. Green signals indicate the relevant markers, and blue signals indicate DAPI nuclear staining. Scale bar is 100 µm. e RT-qPCR gene expression analysis of the indicated pluripotency and differentiation markers (n = 3). Error bars indicate standard deviation. f Concentration of albumin, alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT) and urea produced in the culture medium of each differentiation stage of patient derived iPSC to hepatocytes. Error bars indicate standard deviation (n = 3, 4 and 4, respectively). g Representative image of Oil red O and PAS staining of the differentiated hepatocyte from a patient derived iPSC. h Bright field image of ICG uptake post washing after 30 min treatment and release after 60 min post wash from a patient iPSC derived hepatocyte. CYP3A4 activity of the hepatocytes differentiated from the different patient derived iPSC lines