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Table 1 Characteristics of aquatic habitats of An. funestus and other mosquito species

From: Aquatic habitats of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus in rural south-eastern Tanzania

Larval habitat

All water bodies

n (%)

Water bodies without larvae

n (%)

Habitats with An. funestus

n (%)

Habitats with other Anopheles

n (%)

Habitats with culicines

n (%)

Water movement

 Stagnant

91 (82)

25 (89.3)

27 (75)

18 (75)

21 (91.3)

 Slow

20 (18)

3 (10.7)

9 (25)

6 (25)

2 (8.7)

Habitat shade (density of tree canopy)

 None

60 (54.1)

11 (39.3)

17 (47.2)

18 (75)

14 (60.9)

 Partial

35 (31.5)

14 (50)

11 (30.6)

4 (16.7)

6 (26.1)

 Heavy

16 (14.4)

3 (10.7)

8 (22.2)

2 (8.3)

3 (13)

Water depth

 Less than 50 cm

51 (45.9)

12 (42.9)

12 (33.3)

17 (70.8)

10 (43.4)

 Greater than 50 cm

60 (54.1)

16 (57.1)

24 (66.7)

7 (29.2)

13 (56.6)

Distance to human dwellings

 Less than 100 m

77 (69.4)

26 (92.9)

28 (77.8)

9 (37.5)

14 (60.9)

 Greater than 100 m

34 (3.6)

2 (7.1)

8 (22.2)

15 (62.5)

9 (39.1)

Water type

 Permanent

44 (39.6)

7 (25)

21 (58.3)

7 (29.2)

9 (39.1)

 Semi-permanent

67 (60.4)

21 (75)

15 (41.7)

17 (70.8)

14 (60.9)

Vegetation type

 Emergent

51 (46)

6 (21.4)

26 (72.2)

7 (29.2)

12 (52.2)

 Submerged

11 (9.9)

7 (25)

1 (2.8)

1 (4.2)

2 (8.7)

 None

25 (22.5)

12 (42.9)

3 (8.3)

6 (25)

4 (17.4)

 Floating

24 (21.6)

3 (10.7)

6 (16.7)

10 (41.6)

5 (21.7)

Water colour

 Clear

59 (53.2)

7 (25)

29 (80.5)

15 (62.5)

8 (34.8)

 Coloured

42 (37.8)

18 (64.3)

6 (16.7)

8 (33.3)

10 (43.5)

 Polluted

10 (9)

3 (10.7)

1 (2.8)

1 (4.2)

5 (21.7)

Vegetation quantity

 None

24 (21.6)

11 (39.3)

3 (8.3)

6 (25)

4 (17.4)

 Scarce

57 (51.4)

15 (53.5)

15 (41.7)

12 (50)

15 (65.2)

 Moderate

22 (19.8)

1 (3.6)

13 (36.1)

5 (20.8)

3 (13.1)

 Abundant

8 (7.2)

1 (3.6)

5 (13.9)

1 (4.2)

1 (4.2)

Algae quantity

 None

70 (63.1)

14 (50)

21 (58.3)

18 (75)

17 (73.9)

 Scarce

32 (28.8)

11 (39.3)

13 (36.1)

4 (16.7)

4 (17.4)

 Moderate

9 (8.1)

3 (10.7)

2 (5.6)

2 (8.3)

2 (8.7)

Habitat size

 Less than 10 m

61 (55)

22 (78.6)

13 (36.1)

12 (50)

14 (60.9)

 Between 10 and 100 m

46 (41.4)

6 (21.4)

21 (58.3)

11 (45.8)

8 (34.8)

 Greater than 100 m

4 (3.6)

0 (0)

2 (5.6)

1 (4.2)

1 (4.3)