Fig. 3

The reintroduction of IRS operations in three districts of Upper East Region in 2017. c Average monthly incidence of confirmed cases of malaria from DHIS2 during the study period in non-IRS (solid and dotted orange) and IRS (blue) districts; dotted lines are districts that turn blue and before IRS districts in 2017. The solid lines remained non-IRS districts in 2017. d The percent change in malaria incidence from 2016 to 2017 in each district, showing the substantial decrease in confirmed case incidence in the IRS districts