Polymorphisms in Plasmodium vivax antifolate resistance markers in Afghanistan between 2007 and 2017

Rakmark, Kasama; Awab, Ghulam R.; Duanguppama, Jureeporn; Boonyuen, Usa; Dondorp, Arjen M.; Imwong, Mallika

doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03319-0

Malaria Journal

Table 2 Published molecular surveys of pyrimethamine and sulphadoxine markers in south-western Asia

From: Polymorphisms in Plasmodium vivax antifolate resistance markers in Afghanistan between 2007 and 2017

Year of sampling	Countries	States/ provinces	Pvdhfr									Pvdhps		Haplotypes	Frequencies	Prevalence	References
Year of sampling	Countries	States/ provinces	I13L	P33L	N50I	F57L	S58R	T61M	S93H	S117N	I173L	A383G	A553G	pvdhfr / pvdhps	Frequencies	Prevalence	References
2008	Afghanistan	Herat	I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	92% (79/85)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	5% (4/85)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	1% (1/85)		[25]
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	G	A	S58RS117N / A383G	1% (1/85)
		Nangarhar	I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	79% (68/86)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	15% (13/86)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	6% (5/86)
2007–2008	Afghanistan	Faryab	I	P	N	F	S	T	S	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	77% (23/30)		This study
			I	P	I	F	S	T	S	S	I	A	A	N50I / WT	3% (1/30)
			I	P	N	F	R	T	S	S	I	A	A	S58R / WT	3% (1/30)
			I	P	N	F	S	T	H	S	I	A	A	S93H / WT	7% (2/30)
			I	P	I	F	S	T	S	N	I	A	A	N50IS117N / WT	10% (3/30)
		Takhar	I	P	N	F	S	T	S	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	80% (24/30)
			I	P	N	F	S	T	H	S	I	A	A	S93H / WT	3% (1/30)
			I	P	I	F	S	T	S	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	17% (5/30)
		Nangarhar	I	P	N	F	S	T	S	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	85% (33/39)
			I	P	I	F	S	T	S	S	I	A	A	N50I / WT	3% (1/39)
			I	P	N	F	R	T	S	S	I	A	A	S58R / WT	3% (1/39)
			I	P	N	F	S	T	H	S	I	A	A	S93H / WT	3% (1/39)
			I	P	N	F	S	T	S	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	3% (1/39)
			I	P	N	L	R	T	S	S	I	A	A	F57LS58R / WT	3% (1/39)
			I	P	N	F	R	T	S	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	3% (1/39)
2009–2010	Afghanistan	Kunar	I	P	N	F	S	T	S	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	64% (18/28)
			I	P	N	F	S	T	H	S	I	A	A	S93H / WT	4% (1/28)
			I	P	N	F	S	T	S	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	18% (5/28)
			I	P	N	F	R	T	S	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	11% (3/28)
			I	P	N	F	S	T	H	N	I	A	A	S93HS117N / WT	4% (1/28)
2017	Afghanistan	Nangarhar	I	P	N	F	S	T	S	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	32% (12/37)
			I	P	I	F	S	T	S	S	I	A	A	N50I / WT	3% (1/37)
			I	P	N	F	S	T	H	S	I	A	A	S93H / WT	8% (3/37)
			I	P	N	F	S	T	S	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	14% (5/37)
			I	P	I	F	S	T	S	N	I	A	A	N50IS117N / WT	14% (5/37)
			I	P	N	F	R	T	S	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	22% (8/37)
			I	P	N	F	S	T	S	N	I	G	A	S117N / A383G	5% (2/37)
			I	P	N	F	R	T	S	N	I	G	A	S58RS117N / A383G	3% (1/37)
		Lagman	I	P	N	F	S	T	S	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	43% (9/21)
			I	P	N	F	R	T	S	S	I	A	A	S58R / WT	5% (1/21)
			I	P	N	F	S	T	S	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	14% (3/21)
			I	P	I	F	S	T	S	N	I	A	A	N50IS117N / WT	10% (2/21)
			I	P	N	F	R	T	S	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	19% (4/21)
			I	P	N	F	S	T	H	N	I	A	A	S93HS117N / WT	10% (2/21)
2007	Pakistan	Bannu	I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	WT / WT		7%	[28]
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT		75%
			I	P	–	L	R	T	–	S	I	A	A	F57LS58R / WT		2%
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT		16%
2008	Pakistan	FATA	I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	44% (72/164)		[30]
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	S	I	A	A	S58R / WT	1% (3/164)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	40% (65/164)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	G	A	WT / A383G	1% (1/164)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	13% (22/164)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	G	A	S117N / A383G	1% (1/164)
2011	Pakistan	Baluchistan, Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Sindh,	I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	44% (143/322)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	S	I	A	A	S58R / WT	1% (3/322)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	30% (95/322)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	G	A	WT / A383G	0.3% (1/322)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	G	WT / A553G	0.3% (1/322)
			I	P	–	L	R	T	–	S	I	A	A	F57LS58R / WT	1.6% (5/322)		[31]
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	21% (69/322)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	G	A	S117N / A383G	0.6% (2/322)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	G	A	S58RS117N / A383G	0.6% (2/322)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	G	G	S58RS117N / A383GA553G	0.3% (1/322)
2008–2009	Pakistan	Karachi, Sindh, Baluchistan,	I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	40% (51/131)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	S	I	A	A	S58R / WT	2% (2/131)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	18% (24/131)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	G	A	WT / A383G	7% (9/131)
			I	P	–	L	R	T	–	S	I	A	A	F57LS58R / WT	2% (3/131)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	25% (33/131)		[29]
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	S	I	G	A	S58R / A383G	1% (1/131)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	G	A	S117N / A383G	2% (3/131)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	G	A	S58RS117N / A383G	3% (4/131)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	G	G	S58RS117N / A383GA553G	1% (1/131)
2001–2006	Iran	Sistan and Baluchistan	I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	59% (85/143)
			I	P	–	L	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	F57L / WT	1% (1/143)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	S	I	A	A	S58R / WT	9% (13/143)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	18% (26/143)
			I	P	–	L	R	T	–	S	I	A	A	F57LS58R / WT	1% (1/143)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	12% (17/141)		[27]
		Ardebil	I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	85% (39/46)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	S	I	A	A	S58R / WT	2% (1/46)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	11% (5/46)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	2% (1/46)
2010–2015	Iran	Hormozgan	I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	73% (58/80)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	11% (9/80)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	8% (6/80)		[26]
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	S	I	G	A	S58R / A383G	6% (5/80)
			I	P	–	L	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	F57LS58RS117N / WT	3% (2/80)
2003–2004	India	India	I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	WT / WT		51%
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT		1%	[38]
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT		48%
2011–2012	India	Aligarh	I	P	–	F	S	T	S	S	I	A	A	WT / WT	61% (28/46)
			I	P	–	F	S	T	H	S	I	A	A	S93H / WT	7% (3/46)		[39]
			I	P	–	F	S	T	S	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT	7% (3/46)
			I	P	–	F	R	T	S	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	26% (12/46)
		Kolkata	I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	WT / WT		35%
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	S	I	A	A	S58R / WT		3%
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	G	A	WT / A383G		24%
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT		6%	[37]
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	G	G	WT / A383GA553G		1%
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	G	A	S58RS117N / A383G		30%
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	G	G	S58RS117N / A383GA553G		1%
2013–2014	India	KMC	I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	WT / WT		37%
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	S	I	A	A	S58R / WT		6%	[36]
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT		54%
			I	P	–	L	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	F57LS58RS117N / WT		4%
		Purulia	I	P	–	F	S	T	–	S	I	A	A	WT / WT		4%
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	S	I	A	A	S58R / WT		15%
			I	P	–	F	S	T	–	N	I	A	A	S117N / WT		9%
			I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT		8%
2014–2015	India	Mangaluru	I	P	–	F	R	T	–	N	I	A	A	S58RS117N / WT	100% (25/25)		[21]

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