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Table 5 Example of pesticide spray dosages as reported by farmers compared to the recommended dosage on the product label

From: Patterns of pesticide usage in agriculture in rural Tanzania call for integrating agricultural and public health practices in managing insecticide-resistance in malaria vectors

Pesticide class

Trade name

Active ingredient (s)

Class of the pesticide

Knapsack spray dilution by farmers ml/l, g/l of water

Recommended knapsack dilution rate ml/l, g/l of water

Recommended dose (ml/ha)

Target crop

Insecticide

Karate 5EC

50 gm/l of lambda-cyhalothrin

Pyrethroids

15–40 ml/20 l

12 ml/20 l

300–400 ml/ha

Rice, maize, vegetables, fruits, green pepper, watermelon, beans green peas and tomatoes

Amekan C344 SE

144 g/l of cypermethrin and 200 g/l of imidacloprid

Pyrethroids and Neonicotinoids

30 ml/20 l

8–10 ml/15 l

500 ml/ha

Tomatoes, watermelon, okra, potatoes, rice, spinach, maize, green pepper and cabbages

Duduba 450EC

100 g/l of cypermethrin and 350 g/l of chlorpyrifos

Pyrethroids and organophosphates

30–50 ml/20 l

10 ml/20 l

400 ml/ha

Rice, cucumber, tomatoes, green pepper, cereals crops and fruits

Buffalo 100OD

75 g/l of imidacloprid and 25 g/l of beta-cyfluthrin

Neonicotinoids and pyrethroids

35–60 ml/20 l

10 ml/20 l

500 ml/ha

Tomatoes, maize, green peas potatoes, green pepper, beans and onions

Ninja 5EC

50 g/l of lambda-cyhalothrin

Pyrethroids

25 ml/15 l

40–60 ml/20 l

150–400 ml/ha

Rice, fruits, green peas vegetables and maize

KungFu 5EC

50 gm/l of lambda-cyhalothrin

Pyrethroids

15–40 ml/20 l

12 ml/20 l

300–400 ml/ha

Tomatoes, watermelon, cucumber, rice, onions, vegetables, fruits and green pepper

Suracron 720 EC/720/Profecron 720 EC

720 g/l of profenofos

Organophosphates

200–350 ml/20 l

20–40 ml/15 l

500–800 ml/ha

Cabbage and tomatoes, okra, eggplant, cucumber and watermelon

Nogozone 60 EC

600 g/l diazinon

Organophosphates

20–40 ml/20 l

5–30 ml/15 l

150–700 ml/ha

Watermelon and cucumber

Herbicide

2,4 d Amine

720 g/l of 2, 4 d-dimethyl amine salt

Aryloxyacides

150–300 ml/16 l

200 ml/20 l

2000 ml/ha

Rice and maize

Roundup

360 g/l of glyphosate

Amino-phosphonates

300–350 ml/15 l

200–300 ml/20 l

2000–3000 ml/ha

Rice and maize

Parapaz 200 SL

200 g/l of paraquat dichloride

Pyridines

300–350 ml/15 l

100–200 ml/20 l

800–1600 ml/ha

Maize, rice, sugarcane and tomatoes

Fungicide

Farmerzeb 800 WP

800 g/kg of mancozeb

Dithiocarbamate

60 g/15 l

40–60 g/20 l

1000––3000 g/ha

Tomatoes, African eggplant, green pepper and potatoes

Linkonil 500 SC

500 g/l of chlorothalonil

Organochlorine fungicide

20–50 ml/20 l

46 ml/20 l

1000–3500 ml/ha

Tomatoes, okra, eggplant, watermelon and cucumber

Victory 72 WP

640 g/kg of mancozeb and 80 g/kg of metalaxyl

Dithiocarbamate and acylalanine

60–80 g/20 l

50 g/20 l

2000–2500 g/ha

Tomatoes, okra, and potatoes, cucumber, watermelon and cabbage