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Table 2 Proportion of Pfk13, Pfmdr1 and Pfcrt polymorphisms in day 0 and day of failure samples in Artemether−lumefantrine treatment arm

From: Assessment of molecular markers of anti-malarial drug resistance among children participating in a therapeutic efficacy study in western Kenya

Molecular marker

Artemether−lumefantrine treatment arm

ACPR + Reinfection

Recrudescent-

pa

Recrudescent + Reinfection

pb

Pfk13†

 Wild type (no or mixed mutations detected)

129/130 (99.2%)

13/13 (100.0%)

Ref

58/58 (100.0%)

Ref

 522C

1/130 (0.8%)

0

1

1/58 (1.7%)

0.53

 578S

2/130 (1.5%)

0

1

0

1

Pfmdr1†

 N86

131/132 (99.2%)

15/15 (100.0%)

Ref

62/62 (100.0%)

Ref

 86 N/Y

1/132 (0.8%)

0

1

0

1

 86Y

0

0

1

0

1

 Y184

53/132 (40.2%)

5/15 (33.3%)

Ref

23/62 (37.1%)

Ref

 184Y/F

35/132 (26.5%)

3/15 (20.0%)

1

11/62 (17.7%)

0.31

 184F

44/132 (33.3%)

7/15 (46.7%)

1

28/62 (45.2%)

0.90

 D1246

116/132 (87.9%)

13/15 (86.7%)

Ref

57/62 (91.9%)

Ref

 1246D/Y

10/132 (7.6%)

2/15 (13.3%)

1

3/62 (4.8%)

1

 1246Y

6/132 (4.5%)

0

1

2/62 (3.2%)

1

 NYD

85/132 (64.4%)

8/15 (53.3%)

Ref

32/62 (51.6%)

Ref

 YFD

1/132 (0.8%)

0

1

0

1

 NFD

76/132 (57.6%)

10/15 (66.7%)

1

39/62 (62.9%)

1

 NFY

9/132 (6.8%)

1/15 (6.7%)

1

2/62 (3.2%)

1

 NYY

11/132 (8.3%)

2/15 (13.3%)

1

5/62 (8.1%)

1

 YYD

1/132 (0.8%)

0

1

0

1

 YFY

0

0

1

0

1

 YYY

0

0

1

0

1

Pfcrt†

 C72

131/131 (100.0%)

15/15 (100%)

Ref

62/62 (100%)

Ref

 72S

0

0

1

0

1

 M74

128/131 (97.7%)

15/15 (100.0%)

Ref

62/62 (100.0%)

Ref

 74 M/I

2/131 (1.5%)

0

1

0

1

 74I

1/131 (0.8%)

0

1

0

1

 N75

128/131 (97.7%)

15/15 (100.0%)

Ref

62/62 (100.0%)

Ref

 75 N/D

2/131 (1.5%)

0

1

0

1

 75E

1/131 (0.8%)

0

1

0

1

 K76

128/131 (97.7%)

15/15 (100.0%)

Ref

62/62 (100.0%)

Ref

 76 K/T

2/131 (1.5%)

0

1

0

1

 76T

1/131 (0.8%)

0

1

0

1

 CVMNK

130/131 (99.2%)

15/15 (100.0%)

Ref

62/62 (100.0%)

Ref

 CVIDT‡

2/131 (1.5%)

0

1

0

1

 CVMDT

0

0

1

0

1

 CVIET

1/131 (0.8%)

0

1

0

1

  1. ACPR: adequate clinical and parasitological response; ACPR + Reinfection: Samples collected pre-treatment (day 0) from participants without recurrent parasitaemia and from participants who were re-infected; Recrudescent: Samples collected on the day of failure from participants with recrudescent parasitaemia; Reinfection: Samples collected on the day of failure from participants who were re-infected; Ref: reference; aBonferroni adjusted statistical significance of difference in risk of treatment failure (recrudescence) determined by Fisher’s exact test; bBonferroni-adjusted statistical significance of difference in risk of recrudescence or reinfection determined by Fishers’s exact test. Bold letter denotes an encoded amino acid change; †Totals may not sum due to mixed infections (samples with both wild and mutant codons) which were counted as both wild and mutant haplotypes); ‡Two samples yielded the following findings for Pfcrt: C at site 72, M and I at site 74, N and D at site 75, K and T at site 76. These were considered mixed infections with CVMNK and CVIDT