Table 2 Factors associated with malaria infection in the univariate and multivariate analysis
| Â | Number of children | % with malaria infection (%) | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 96% CI | p-value | OR | 96% CI | p-value | |||
Altitude (metres) | ||||||||
 Low (1128–1264) | 1300 | 74.7 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Medium (1265–1352) | 1291 | 68.1 | 0.38 | 0.28–0.50 | 0.001 | 0.78 | 0.42–1.43 | 0.416 |
 High (1353–1654) | 1266 | 51.0 | 0.14 | 0.10–0.20 | 0.001 | 0.27 | 0.14–0.55 |  < 0.001 |
Age | ||||||||
 < 1 year | 384 | 50.5 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 2–4 years | 1062 | 63.0 | 1.86 | 1.44–2.41 |  < 0.001 | 2.59 | 1.31–5.11 | 0.006 |
 5–14 years | 2414 | 67.7 | 2.52 | 1.99–3.20 |  < 0.001 | 3.82 | 1.89–7.72 |  < 0.001 |
Improved housing structure | ||||||||
 No | 589 | 76.9 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
 Yes | 3272 | 62.5 | 0.32 | 0.22–0.48 | < 0.001 | 0.27 | 0.13–0.54 |  < 0.001 |
Socio economic status | ||||||||
 Poorest | 1261 | 72.6 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
 Middle | 1264 | 64.3 | 0.72 | 0.59–0.86 | 0.001 | 0.98 | 0.51–1.89 | 0.961 |
 Least poor | 1258 | 57.6 | 0.50 | 0.42–0.60 |  < 0.001 | 1.07 | 0.52–2.19 | 0.862 |
Adequate access to LLINs | ||||||||
 No | 3167 | 66.0 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
 Yes | 643 | 58.8 | 0.68 | 0.57–0.83 |  < 0.001 | 0.57 | 0.34–0.98 | 0.042 |
Individual net age | ||||||||
 < 2 years | 350 | 52.9 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
 2–3 years | 295 | 64.1 | 2.32 | 1.26–4.28 | 0.007 | 1.89 | 1.01–3.53 | 0.044 |
 4 years and more | 299 | 65.9 | 2.37 | 1.28–4.37 | 0.006 | 1.90 | 1.02–3.58 | 0.004 |
Sex | ||||||||
 Male | 1869 | 66.0 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Female | 1870 | 63.4 | 0.87 | 0.75–1.01 | 0.061 |  |  |  |
Eaves of the house | ||||||||
 Open | 2334 | 69.2 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Closed | 1478 | 57.9 | 0.59 | 0.51–0.69 |  < 0.001 |  |  |  |
Livestock present | ||||||||
 No | 1026 | 67.6 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 2786 | 63.7 | 0.77 | 0.65–0.91 | 0.002 |  |  |  |
Animals kept inside the house | ||||||||
 No | 1857 | 63.5 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 935 | 63.6 | 0.97 | 0.81–1.17 | 0.757 |  |  |  |
Head of household attended school | ||||||||
 No | 1007 | 71.4 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes (any schooling) | 2791 | 62.4 | 0.74 | 0.62–0.88 | 0.001 |  |  |  |
IRS 18Â months before | ||||||||
 No | 2798 | 67.0 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 979 | 59.1 | 0.84 | 0.70–1.01 | 0.06 |  |  |  |
Household owns at least 1 net | ||||||||
 No | 1165 | 69.1 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 2647 | 62.6 | 0.71 | 0.60–0.83 |  < 0.001 |  |  |  |
Individual usage of LLIN | ||||||||
 Don’t use net | 2276 | 66.4 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Use net | 1045 | 61.2 | 0.69 | 0.50–0.94 | 0.018 |  |  |  |
Individual LLIN condition | ||||||||
 Use good condition net (PHI > 64) | 154 | 68.2 | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
 Use moderate condition net (PHI 65–642) | 206 | 61.7 | 0.65 | 0.28–1.49 | 0.307 |  |  |  |
 Use torn net (PHI > 643) | 221 | 63.8 | 0.77 | 0.34–1.77 | 0.544 |  |  |  |