Table 2 Clinical and demographic characteristics of the study population stratified by survival status
From: The clinical spectrum of severe childhood malaria in Eastern Uganda
Variable | Overall, N (%) | Survivors N (%) | Deaths N (%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 662 | 599 | 63 | – |
Age | ||||
Median age (months; IQR) | 18 (10–33) | 18 (10–33) | 18 (9–29) | 0.67 |
Gender | ||||
 Male | 382/662 (57.7) | 343 (57.2) | 39 (61.9) | 0.48 |
Clinical symptoms | ||||
 Fever in this illness | 648/662 (98.0) | 586 (97.8) | 62 (98.4) | 0.76 |
 Cough | 130/662 (19.6) | 121 (20.2) | 9 (14.2) | 0.26 |
 Vomiting | 266/662 (40.2) | 242 (40.4) | 24 (38.0) | 0.72 |
 Diarrhoea | 238/662 (36.0) | 214 (35.7) | 24 (38.0) | 0.71 |
 Convulsionsb | 147/662 (22.2) | 123 (20.5) | 24 (38.0) | 0.001 |
 Red or cola-coloured urine | 93/662 (14.0) | 81 (13.5) | 12 (19.0) | 0.23 |
Clinical signs | ||||
General | ||||
 Pyrexia (> 37.5 °C) | 411/662 (62.1) | 380 (63.4) | 31 (49.2) | 0.027 |
 Hyperpyrexia (≥ 40.0 °C) | 55/662 (8.3) | 47 (7.8) | 8 (12.6) | 0.81 |
 Hypothermia (< 36.0 °C) | 11/662 (1.7) | 10 (1.6) | 1 (1.6) | 0.96 |
 Pallor | 338/662 (51.1) | 293 (48.9) | 45 (71.4) | 0.001 |
 Clinical jaundice | 177/662 (26.7) | 156 (26.0) | 21 (33.3) | 0.21 |
Respiratory system | ||||
 Respiratory distress | 554/662 (83.7) | 501 (83.6) | 53 (84.1) | 0.92 |
 Hypoxaemia (SpO2 < 92%) | 49/662 (7.4) | 35 (5.8) | 14 (22.2) | < 0.0001 |
Cardiovascular/hydration | ||||
 Severe tachycardiaa | 291/629 (46.2) | 267/570 (46.8) | 24 (40.6) | 0.37 |
 Temperature gradient | 251/662 (37.9) | 222 (37.0) | 29 (46.0) | 0.16 |
 Capillary refill time > 2 secs | 135/662 (20.4) | 114 (19.0) | 21 (33.3) | 0.007 |
 Weak pulse | 23/662 (3.5) | 20 (3.3) | 3 (4.7) | 0.56 |
 Sunken eyes (dehydration) | 66/634 (10.4) | 58/573 (10.1) | 8/61 (13.1) | 0.47 |
Abdominal | ||||
 Splenomegaly (> 2 cm) | 247/662 (37.3) | 216 (36.0) | 31 (49.2) | 0.04 |
 Hepatomegaly (> 2 cm) | 228/662 (34.4) | 197 (32.8) | 31 (49.2) | 0.009 |
Neurological | ||||
 Impaired consciousness | 52/662 (7.9) | 43 (7.1) | 9 (14.2) | 0.046 |
 Prostration | 43/662 (6.5) | 37 (6.1) | 6 (9.5) | 0.31 |
 Coma | 9/662 (1.4) | 6 (1.0) | 3 (4.7) | 0.014 |