Table 2 Multilevel logistic regression of individual, community and region level correlates of ITN use

Fixed effect

 Individual level

  Age

   15–19

0.40[0.32–0.50]***

0.41[0.33–0.51]**

0.39[0.31–0.49]***

   20–24

0.67[0.54–0.83]***

0.70[0.56–0.87]**

0.66[0.51–0.84]***

   25–29

0.87[0.69–1.09]

0.90[0.72–1.13]

0.86[0.67–1.10]

   30–34

1.08[0.86–1.36]

1.13[0.90–1.42]

1.07[0.83–1.38]

   35–39

1.07[0.84–1.35]

1.10[0.86–1.41]

1.05[0.80–1.37]

   40–44

0.96[0.74–1.24]

0.99[0.76–1.28]

0.94[0.72–1.23]

   45–49

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Education

   No education

0.70[0.52–0.94]**

0.77[0.58–1.01]

0.72[0.54–0.96]*

   Primary

0.86[0.66–1.11]

0.93[0.72–1.19]

0.86[0.68–1.10]

   Secondary

0.92[0.71–1.18]

0.99[0.78–1.26]

0.93[0.73–1.18]

   Higher

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Household wealth index

   Poor

1.64[1.54–1.76]***

1.65[1.54–1.78]***

1.66[1.55–1.80]**

   Middle

1.83[1.71–1.97]**

1.83[1.71–1.96]**

1.84[1.72–1.98]***

   Rich

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Pregnancy status

   No or not sure

0.93[0.78–1.11]

0.97[0.81–1.15]

0.94[0.79–1.12]

   Pregnant

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Mosquito bite causes malaria

   No

0.90[0.81–1.01]

0.91[0.82–1.01]

0.90[0.81–1.00]

   Yes

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Sleeping under mosquito net prevents malaria

   No

Ref

Ref

Ref

   Yes

1.12[0.99–1.26]

1.13[1.01–1.26]*

1.11[1.05–1.24]**

  Destroying mosquito breeding site can prevent malaria

   No

0.87[0.76–0.99]*

0.87[0.75–0.99]*

1.85[1.75–1.98]*

   Yes

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Household size

   Less than 5

0.66[0.59–0.74]***

0.66[0.59–0.75]**

0.66[0.58–0.74]***

   5 or more

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Community level factors

  Residence

   Urban

0.87[0.59–1.29]

0.93[0.55–1.56]

0.72[0.44–1.18]

   Rural

0.76[0.54–1.06]

0.77[0.49–1.22]

0.63[0.41–0.98]*

 Refugee settlements

Ref

Ref

Ref

  Socio-economic disadvantage

   Tertile 1 (least disadvantaged)

Ref

Ref

   Tertile 2

1.04[0.84–1.29]

1.02[0.82–1.26]

   Tertile 3 (most disadvantaged)

0.87[0.66–1.16]

0.89[0.67–1.18]

  Region

   Eastern

1.71[0.94–3.11]

1.30[0.70–2.42]

   Northern

2.20[1.15–4.24]

5.08[1.95–13.20]***

   Western

2.22[0.99–4.95]

1.35[0.69–2.63]

   Southern

Ref

Ref

 Region level factors

  Socio-economic disadvantage

   Tertile 1 (least disadvantage)

Ref

   Tertile 2

1.26[0.79–1.99]

   Tertile 3 (most disadvantaged)

0.33[0.14–0.74]***

 Measures of variation

  Region level

   Variance (SE)

2.342[1.869–2.936]

0.168[0.061–0.391]

0.181[0.050–0.469]

0.052[0.003–0.175]

   ICC (%)

39.1[35.7–44.2]

32[27.8–36.1]

37.45[32.74–43.27]

46.29[42.13–52.62]

   MOR

4.30[3.68–5.13]

4.19[3.82–4.53]

3.98[3.22–4.31]

4.28[3.99–4.58]

   Explained variation (%)

Reference

52.86[48.41–59.34]

48.72[42.74–54.79]

68.11[63.41–72.63]

  Community level

   Variance (SE)

0.349[0.068–0.414]

0.344[0.259–0.448]

0.352[0.269–0.450]

0.352[0.270–0.447]

   ICC (%)

45.20[37.0–50.4]

37.62[31.39–42.85]

44.21[38.74–47.31]

48.41[40.55–52.17]

   MOR

1.76[1.28–1.85]

2.38[2.04–3.02]

3.54[3.12–4.11]

3.57[3.13––4.11]

   Explained variation (%)

Reference

41.62[38.43–50.8]

39.51[33.59–43.29]

40.32[37.66–46.23]

 Model fit statistics

 Bayesian DIC

10,345.46

10,073.41

10,073.12

10,072.31

 N

7798

7798

7798

7798