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Table 5 Levels of haemoglobin concentration and parasite count influencing detection of parasites antigens in urine and saliva

From: Evaluating the potential of using urine and saliva specimens for malaria diagnosis in suspected patients in Ghana

Parameter

Number of respective samples found to contain PfHRP2 and/or pLDH

Blood

Urine

Saliva

χ2 (p-value)

Haemoglobin concentration

29.5 (p < 0.05)

 < 9.9 g/dL n (%)

132

113 (85.6)

123 (93.1)

 

 10.0–12.5 g/dL n (%)

170

15 (8.8)

77 (45.2)

 

 > 12.5 g/dL n (%)

79

6 (7.5)

17 (21.5)

 

Parasite count (/µL of blood)

14.7 (p < 0.05)

 20,001–40,000

51

0 (0.0)a

0 (0.0)a

 

 40,001–60,000

46

0 (0.0)a

17 (36.9)a

 

 60,001–80,000

57

9 (15.7)

9 (15.7)

 

 80,001–100,000

67

13 (19.4)

51 (76.1)

 

 100,001–120,000

82

48 (58.5)

71 (86.5)

 

 > 120,000

78

64 (82.0)

69 (88.5)

 
  1. aExcluded from Chi-square analysis. Percentages indicated for urine and saliva section represent the proportions of Plasmodium antigens in respective specimens with respect to antigens identified in blood specimens for a particular parameter