Fig. 4

Discriminant analysis of principal component (DAPC) of P. vivax isolates from the north coast of Papua New Guinea. DAPC was used to identify clustering amongst isolates from the four catchment areas for a SNP barcodes and b microsatellite haplotypes. On the top of the figure scatterplots of DAPC (Bottom) are shown. Clusters are defined by ellipses and indicate the variance within the clusters whereas dots indicate the positions of individual parasite genotypes within the cluster. Eigenvalues represent the amount of genetic variation captured by the discriminant factors plotted as the x- and y-axis. On the bottom, individual density plots are shown for the first discriminant function. The data was analysed using DAPC function in “Adegenet” R package [69]