Table 1 Case definition and classification for malaria used in Cabo Verde and consistent with the WHO definitions [17, 18]

 Malaria case, confirmed

Malaria case (or infection) in which the parasite has been detected in a diagnostic test, i.e., microscopy, a rapid test or a molecular diagnostic test

 Malaria, all cases

All malaria cases irrespective of Plasmodium species (including imported case)

 Malaria case, imported

Malaria case or infection in which the infection was acquired outside the area in which it is diagnosed (get infected outsider from Cabo Verde)

 Malaria case, indigenous

A case contracted locally with no evidence of importation and no direct link to transmission from an imported case (get infected in Cabo Verde)

 Malaria elimination

Interruption of local transmission (reduction to zero incidence of indigenous case) of a specified malaria parasite in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate activities. Continued measures to prevent re-establishment of transmission are required

Case classification

 Imported case

Malaria case or infection in which the infection was acquired outside the area in which it is diagnosed. Infection from a country outside of Cabo Verde

 Indigenous case

A case contracted locally with no evidence of importation and no direct link to transmission from an imported case

 Introduced case

A case contracted locally, with strong epidemiological evidence linking it directly to a known imported case (first-generation local transmission)

 Recrudescent case

Malaria case attributed to the recurrence of asexual parasitaemia after anti-malarial treatment, due to incomplete clearance of asexual parasitaemia of the same genotype(s) that caused the original illness