Table 5 Factors associated with anaemia at first antenatal clinic attendance in the study area
Factors | Anaemia | COR | 95% CI | p-value | AOR | 95% CI | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N = 1465) n | Present (N = 820) n (%) | Absent (N = 645) n (%) | |||||||
Age, years | |||||||||
 < 25 | 523 | 337 (64.4) | 186 (35.6) | 1 |  | < 0.001 | 1 |  | 0.981 |
 ≥ 25 | 942 | 483 (45.2) | 459 (48.7) | 0.58 | 0.47–0.72 |  | 1.00 | 0.74–1.34 |  |
Gestation age, weeks | |||||||||
 < 18 | 986 | 491 (49.8) | 495 (50.2) | 1 |  | < 0.001 | 1 |  | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 18 | 464 | 317 (68.3) | 147 (31.7) | 2.17 | 1.72–2.74 |  | 2.24 | 1.75–2.86 |  |
Education | |||||||||
 No education | 426 | 252 (59.2) | 174 (40.9) | 1 |  | 0.121 | 1 |  | 0.415 |
 Primary | 249 | 139 (55.8) | 110 (44.2) | 0.87 | 0.64–1.20 |  | 0.80 | 0.57–1.13 |  |
 Junior high | 486 | 276 (56.8) | 210 (43.2) | 0.91 | 0.70–1.18 |  | 0.85 | 0.62–1.15 |  |
 High school or above | 304 | 153 (50.3) | 151 (49.7) | 0.70 | 0.52–0.94 |  | 0.74 | 0.50–1.09 |  |
HH SES | |||||||||
 Most poor | 290 | 180 (62.1) | 110 (37.9) | 1 |  | < 0.001 | 1 |  | 0.024 |
 More poor | 297 | 188 (63.3) | 109 (36.7) | 1.05 | 0.75–1.47 |  | 1.27 | 0.88–1.83 |  |
 Poor | 291 | 169 (58.1) | 122 (41.9) | 0.85 | 0.61–1.18 |  | 1.00 | 0.69–1.46 |  |
 Less poor | 291 | 151 (51.9) | 140 (48.1) | 0.66 | 0.47–0.92 |  | 0.84 | 0.57–1.24 |  |
 Least poor | 296 | 132 (44.6) | 164 (55.4) | 0.49 | 0.35–0.68 |  | 0.69 | 0.46–1.03 |  |
Marital status | |||||||||
 Married | 1075 | 563 (52.4) | 512 (47.6) | 1 |  | < 0.001 | 1 |  | 0.015 |
 Not married | 390 | 257 (65.9) | 133 (34.1) | 1.76 | 1.38–2.24 |  | 1.44 | 1.07–1.92 |  |
Profession | |||||||||
 No profession | 354 | 220 (62.2) | 134 (37.9) | 1 |  | < 0.001 | 1 |  | 0.568 |
 Professional teacher, clerical, secretary, … | 78 | 31 (39.7) | 47 (60.3) | 0.40 | 0.24–0.66 |  | 0.85 | 0.47–1.52 |  |
 Trader, food seller | 442 | 227 (51.4) | 215 (48.6) | 0.64 | 0.48–0.85 |  | 1.04 | 0.75–1.44 |  |
 Seamstress, hairdresser, | 233 | 123 (52.8) | 110 (47.2) | 0.68 | 0.49–0.95 |  | 0.80 | 0.55–1.16 |  |
 Farmer/labourer | 311 | 188 (60.5) | 123 (39.6) | 0.93 | 0.68–1.27 |  | 1.07 | 0.74–1.55 |  |
 Other | 47 | 31 (66.0) | 16 (34.0) | 1.18 | 0.62–2.24 |  | 1.28 | 0.64–2.55 |  |
Religion | |||||||||
 Christian | 1077 | 589 (54.7) | 488 (45.3) | 1 |  | 0.184 |  |  |  |
 Muslim | 324 | 190 (58.6) | 134 (41.4) | 1.17 | 0.91–1.51 |  | – | – | – |
 Others | 64 | 41 (64.1) | 23 (35.9) | 1.48 | 0.87–2.50 |  | – | – | – |
Gravidity | |||||||||
 Primigravidae | 327 | 218 (66.7) | 109 (33.3) | 1 |  | < 0.001 | 1 |  | 0.023 |
 Secundigravidae | 337 | 195 (57.9) | 142 (42.1) | 0.69 | 0.50–0.94 |  | 0.79 | 0.56–1.11 |  |
 Multigravidae | 801 | 407 (50.8) | 394 (49.2) | 0.52 | 0.39–0.68 |  | 0.61 | 0.42–0.87 |  |
ITN use | |||||||||
 No | 964 | 532 (55.2) | 432 (44.8) | 1 |  | 0.401 | – | – | – |
 Yes | 501 | 288 (57.5) | 213 (42.5) | 0.91 | 0.73–1.13 |  | – | – | – |
Malaria Parasitaemia | |||||||||
 None | 1182 | 592 (50.1) | 590 (49.9) | 1 |  | < 0.001 | 1 |  | < 0.001 |
 Low/very low | 209 | 166 (79.4) | 43 (20.6) | 3.85 | 2.70–5.48 |  | 3.49 | 2.41–5.05 |  |
 Medium/high | 74 | 62 (83.8) | 12 (16.2) | 5.15 | 2.75–9.65 |  | 4.05 | 2.11–7.78 |  |