Schools (children) | Year 1: 2013 | Year 2: 2014 | Year 3: 2015 | Overall | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PfPR % [95% CI]b | PfPR % [95% CI]b | PfPR % [95% CI]b | PfPR % [95% CI]b | Multivariablea aOR [95% CI], p-value | ||
Overall | 38 (11,846) | 5.4 (2.4–12.1) | 6.9 (4.4–10.7) | 23.9 (16.2–35.1) | 13.3 (8.8–20.0) | |
Malindi | 10 (3000) | 5.4 (2.4–12.1) | 7.9 (4.4–14.2) | 3.7 (1.9–7.2) | 5.7 (3.1–10.4) | Reference |
Nyabondo | 12 (4046) | – | 15.7 (10.9–22.6) | 49.5 (41.5–58.9) | 32.4 (26.1–40.1) | 9.1 (7.6–10.9), p < 0.001 |
Tolay | 16 (4800) | – | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 3.2 (2.5–4.1) | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4), p < 0.001 |
Study arm | ||||||
Overall | ||||||
Arm 1 | 19 (3240) | 1.6 (0.6–4.0) | 6.1 (3.0–12.3) | 13.0 (5.6–30.3) | 7.7 (3.8–15.5) | Reference |
Arm 2 | 18 (2942) | 12.0 (4.4–32.6) | 9.3 (4.6–18.6) | 28.1 (15.6–50.5) | 17.1 (9.5–30.7) | 2.1 (1.7–2.5), p < 0.001 |
Arm 3 | 15 (2193) | 4.0 (3.8–4.2) | 4.1 (1.8–9.1) | 19.6 (8.8–44.0) | 10.4 (4.3–24.9) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1), p = 0.356 |
Arm 4 | 16 (2643) | 6.0 (5.6–6.3) | 5.8 (2.8–11.8) | 35.2 (21.1–58.7) | 19.3 (10.3–36.1) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0), p < 0.001 |
Malindi | ||||||
Arm 1 | 5 (1500) | 1.6 (0.6–4.0) | 5.8 (1.7–20.2) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 3.1 (1.1–8.9) | Reference |
Arm 2 | 3 (900) | 12.0 (4.4–32.6) | 13.3 (7.7–23.0) | 7.7 (3.3–17.7) | 11.0 (5.4–22.5) | 3.8 (2.7–5.5), p < 0.001 |
Arm 3 | 1 (300) | 4.0 (3.8–4.2) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 2.3 (2.0–2.6) | 0.7 (0.3–1.7), p = 0.460 |
Arm 4 | 1 (300) | 6.0 (5.6–6.3) | 8.0 (7.6–8.2) | 3.0 (2.4–3.4) | 5.7 (5.2–6.0) | 1.9 (1.1–3.3), p = 0.033 |
Nyabondo | ||||||
Arm 1 | 2 (400) | – | 18.5 (9.7–35.0) | 47.3 (35.8–62.3) | 31.1 (21.2–45.6) | Reference |
Arm 2 | 4 (1380) | – | 24.5 (18.2–33.0) | 61.6 (46.0–82.4) | 45.6 (37.0–56.2) | 1.9 (1.5–2.3), p < 0.001 |
Arm 3 | 2 (816) | – | 14.0 (10.3–18.9) | 40.8 (28.1–59.3) | 29.1 (20.3–41.8) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2), p = 0.456 |
Arm 4 | 4 (1450) | – | 14.6 (9.9–21.5) | 58.4 (46.9–72.7) | 41.8 (35.6–49.1) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0), p < 0.001 |
Tolay | ||||||
Arm 1 | 4 (1200) | – | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 4.3 (3.7–5.0) | 2.4 (1.9–2.9) | Reference |
Arm 2 | 4 (1200) | – | 0.9 (0.4–2.0) | 3.3 (1.5–6.9) | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3), p = 0.235 |
Arm 3 | 4 (1200) | – | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | 3.5 (3.0–4.1) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 0.6 (0.4–1.2), p = 0.180 |
Arm 4 | 4 (1200) | – | 0.8 (0.3–1.7) | 2.0 (1.0–4.0) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9), p = 0.032 |
Age (years) | ||||||
≤ 5 | 739 (6.3%) | 2.6 (0.2–30.6) | 7.1 (3.9–13.0) | 52.3 (39.2–69.8) | 36.0 (26.1–49.7) | 2.3 (1.8–2.8), p < 0.001 |
6–10 | 6787 (57.8%) | 5.5 (2.4–12.6) | 9.4 (6.4–14.0) | 26.0 (17.5–38.6) | 15.5 (10.5–22.8) | 1.6 (1.3–1.9), p < 0.001 |
> 10 | 4216 (35.9%) | 6.7 (1.3–33.9) | 4.1 (2.3–7.2) | 9.4 (5.4–16.3) | 5.8 (3.4–9.9) | Reference |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 6021 (51.4%) | 6.1 (2.6–14.1) | 7.5 (4.7–12.0) | 23.1 (15.7–34.0) | 13.5 (9.0–20.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2), p = 0.635 |
Female | 5704 (48.7%) | 4.7 (1.9–11.5) | 6.3 (4.2–9.7) | 24.7 (16.7–36.5) | 13.0 (8.6–19.8) | Reference |