Fig. 3

Previously estimated proportion of attacks on humans versus cattle (Ph)) when offered a direct choice between one of each host species (mean and 95% confidence intervals, for An. arabiensis in rural Tanzania (data extracted from Fig. 4 in [24], and rural Zimbabwe (data extracted from Fig. 7 in [26]), and the estimated proportion of attacks on humans for An. arabiensis and An. gambiae s.s. obtained from historical records in the rural coastal region of Tanzania [21] compared to those obtained by this study in Kilombero, rural southern Tanzania, and Dar es Salaam, urban coastal Tanzania. The estimated proportion of attacks on humans (Ph) from historical records were derived from modelling analysis of the relative availability of humans versus cattle (λ) models: Ph = 1/(1 + λ) [21]