Table 5 Factors influencing anaemia among study participants

Sex

No anaemia

Anaemia

 Female

250 (56.3)

243 (49.2)

Ref.

Ref.

 Male

194 (43.7)

251 (50.8)

4.64 (0.031)

1.32 (1.03, 1.72), 0.031

1.30 (0.96, 1.67), 0.091

Age group

 1–4

121 (27.2)

181 (36.6)

Ref.

Ref.

 5–11

296 (66.7)

283 (57.3)

0.63 (0.48, 0.84), 0.002

0.53 (0.39, 0.72), <0.001

 ≥12

27 (6.1)

30 (6.1)

10.12 (0.006)

0.70 (0.40, 1.23), 0.224

0.59 (0.32, 1.08), 0.086

District

 Keta Municipality

79 (17.8)

210 (42.5)

Ref.

Ref.

 Hohoe municipality

176 (39.6)

161 (32.6)

0.34 (0.24, 0.48), <0.001

0.30 (0.21, 0.42), <0.001

 Krachi West

189 (42.6)

123 (24.9)

71.90 (<0.001)

0.24 (0.17, 0.34), <0.001

0.23 (0.16, 0.33), <0.001

Malaria microscopy

 Negative

424 (95.5)

462 (93.5)

Ref.

 Positive

20 (4.5)

32 (6.5)

1.67 (0.196)

1.46 (0.82, 2.59), 0.198

Sub-microscopic malaria

 Negative

389 (87.6)

416 (84.2)

Ref.

 Positive

55 (12.4)

78 (15.8)

1.81 (0.178)

1.29 (0.89, 1.87), 0.179

HAZ

 Normal

373 (83.8)

375 (75.9)

Ref.

Ref.

 Stunting

72 (16.2)

119 (24.1)

7.15 (0.008)

1.56 (1.12, 2.16), 0.008

1.44 (1.02, 2.05), 0.037

Hb classification

 Normal

322 (72.5)

342 (69.2)

Ref.

 Trait

52 (11.7)

79 (16.0)

1.45 (1.00, 2.13), 0.056

1.03 (0.68, 1.56), 0.898

 Other Hb disorders

65 (14.6)

59 (11.9)

0.86 (0.59, 1.27), 0.461

1.37 (0.91, 2.06), 0.136

 Sickle cell disorders

5 (1.1)

14 (2.8)

8.18 (0.042)

2.62 (0.94, 7.38), 0.067

3.03 (1.04, 8.82), 0.042