Skip to main content

Table 2 HIV-Plasmodium vivax co-infections according by country

From: Should we care about Plasmodium vivax and HIV co-infection? A systematic review and a cases series from the Brazilian Amazon

Author, year

Country (city)

Type of study/ study population

Total malaria cases

Total P. vivax malaria cases

Vivax malaria cases with prior HIV/AIDS

Mean age of population (± SD)/(IQR)

Volsky, 1986 [43]

Venezuela (Tachira)

Cross-sectional/patients presenting to hospital for malaria diagnosis

24

12

5a (20.8)

10–60

Lo, 1991 [44]

Brazil (São Paulo)

Cross-sectional/selected patients seeking care for malaria, who had shared injectable drugs. HIV and vivax malaria were transmitted by needle sharing in most cases

12

12

3 (25.0)

24

Barata, 1993 [45]

Brazil (São Paulo)

Cross-sectional/selected patients seeking care for malaria, who had shared injectable drugs. HIV and vivax malaria were transmitted by needle sharing needle sharing in most cases

99

24

Unknown

99 tests, 24 P. vivax malaria, 52 HIV + 

23 (± 6.3)

Erhabor, 2006 [46]

Nigeria (Niger Delta)

Case–control within an ART program/ patients attending a health facility

30

2

2 (6.7)

35.2 (± 1.29)

Ramírez-Olivencia, 2011 [83]

Spain (Madrid)

Retrospective case-series/patients diagnosed with malaria in a local hospital

398

8

1 (0.25)

36.5 (31–47)

Bharti, 2012 [47]

India (Chennai)

Cross-sectional/subjects randomly selected from newly diagnosed HIV-1 + individuals seen at a Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center

45

27

27 (60.0)b

40(± 9)

Wondimeneh, 2013 [48]

Ethiopia (Gondar)

Retrospective/HIV + adult individuals with febrile illness

73

20

20 (27.4)b

33.5 + 9

Douglas, 2014 [49]

Indonesia

(Papua province)

Retrospective/all P. vivax individuals attending to a hospital

3495

3495

5 (0.1)

3.1 (1.8–24.5)

Rattanapunya, 2015 [50]

Thailand

(Tak province)

Cross-sectional/malaria patients attending to clinic

867

350

9(1.0)

ND

Mohapatra, 2017 [51]

India

(Manipur and Mizoram)

Prospective/ follow-up of HIV + individuals

333

22

3(0.9)b

28.9 (± 6.3) (Manipur);

34.5 (± 6.5) (Mizoram)

Sahle, 2017 [52]

Ethiopia (Ethiopia)

Cross-sectional/HIV + adults

86

3

3 (3.5)b

31.95 (± 7.6)

Wondimeneh, 2018 [53]

Ethiopia

(Kolla-Diba)

Cross-sectional/febrile patients attending to hospital

91

35

4(11.4)

28 (± 15.7) males;

28 (± 14.7) females

  1. SD standard deviation, ND not defined, ART antiretroviral therapy
  2. a Recently HIV diagnosed
  3. bStudy including only HIV + patients