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Table 1 Regimens of radical, preventive and presumptive treatment in China (dosages shown for adults only)

From: Transition of radical, preventive and presumptive treatment regimens for malaria in China: a systematic review

Phases

Preventive treatment

Radical treatment

Presumptive treatment

Phase 1:

Baseline survey and preliminary control, 1949–1959

Due to shortage of drug resources, any available antimalarial drugs such as quinacrine hydrochloride, quinine sulfate, paludrine or plasmoquine were administrated once a week during this phase [7, 12].

Any available antimalarial drugs were given to people with enlarged spleens and a history of malaria symptoms 6 months prior to house visit by the local health care workers [5].

Phase 2:

Epidemic control, 1960–1979,

50 mg pyrimethamine once every 10–15 days [12, 14].

50 mg cyclochloroguanidum once every 10–15 days [14].

Drug salt of 4–6.5 mg pyrimethamine daily [7, 23].

600 mg chloroquine once every 20–30 days [7].

300 mg chloroquine once every 7–10 day [7].

45 mg primaquine once every 20–30 days [18].

4 tablets of sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (S250mg and P17.5 mg/tablet) once every 10 days [18].

4 tablets of sulfadoxine–piperaquine (S50mg and PPQ 150 mg/tablet) once every 20 days [18].

25 mg pyrimethamine plus 300 mg chloroquine once every 15 days [21].

50 mg pyrimethamine plus 30 mg primaquine once a month [15]. 100 mg pyrimethamine for 2 days (50 mg/d) plus 180 mg primaquine for 8 days (22.5 mg/d) [7, 16, 18].

50 mg pyrimethamine for 2 days (50 mg/d) plus 90 mg primaquine for 4 days (22.5 mg/d) [18].

1200 mg chloroquine for 3 days (600 mg/d1, 300 mg/d2-3 each) plus 180 mg primaquine for 8 days (22.5 mg/d) [7].

1500 mg chloroquine for 3 days (600 mg/d1, 450 mg/d2-3 each) plus 180 mg primaquine for 8 days (22.5 mg/d) [13].

100 mg pyrimethamine for 2 days (50 mg/d) plus 90 mg primaquine for 8 days (22.5 mg/d) for mass presumptive treatment in pre-transmission season [18].

Phase 3:

Further reduction of malaria burden, 1980-1999

2 tablets of sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) once every 15 days [24, 26].

4 tablets of SP once a month [28,29,30, 48].

2 tablets of SP once every 10–15 days [31].

4 tablets of sulfadoxine–piperaquine (S-PPQ) once every 20 days [28,29,30].

300 mg or 600 mg chloroquine once a week [31].

600 mg piperaquine once a month [31].

50 mg pyrimethamine once every 15 days [31].

25 mg or 50 mg nivaquine once every 15 days [31].

4 tablets of SP plus 22.5 mg primaquine once a day for 4 days [27].

1500 mg chloroquine for 3 days (600 mg/d1, 450 mg/d2-3 each) plus 90 mg primaquine for 4 days (22.5 mg/d) [31].

1500 mg chloroquine for 3 days (600 mg/d1, 450 mg/d2-3 each) plus 180 mg primaquine for 8 days (22.5 mg/d) [31].

180 mg primaquine for 8 days (22.5 mg/d) to clear P. vivax with long incubation periods [27].

50 mg pyrimethamine once a day for 2 days plus 22.5 mg primaquine once a day for 5 days [20].

15 mg primaquine once a day for 10 days [19].

1500 mg chloroquine for 3 days (600 mg/d1, 450 mg/d2-3 each) plus 22.5 mg primaquine once a day for 4 days in pre-transmission season [27].

600 mg chloroquine plus 22.5 mg primaquine once in spring season [27].

Phase 4:

Consolidation, 2000–2009

Targets: only people at high risk

600 mg PPQ once a month [26,27,28,29,30,31, 46].

300 mg chloroquine once every 7-10 days [28].

Targets: only suspected malaria cases.

22.5 mg primaquine once a day for 8 days [26,27,28,29,30,31].

1200 mg chloroquine for 3 days (600 mg/d1, 300 mg/d2-3 each) plus 180 mg primaquine for 8 days (22.5 mg/d) [26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33].

1500 mg chloroquine for 3 days (600 mg/d1, 450 mg/d2-3 each) plus 180 mg primaquine for 8 days (22.5 mg/d) [29, 32, 33].

Targets: febrile patients

1200 mg chloroquine for 3 days (600 mg/d1, 300 mg/d2-3 each) plus 90 mg primaquine for 4 days (22.5 mg/d) [31, 32].

600 mg chloroquine for one day in P. vivax endemic areas, 600 mg PPQ in P. falciparum and mixed endemic areas. In case of presumptive treatment worked, a standard treatment followed [27].2880 mg dihydroartemisinin (40 mg/tablet)-piperaquine phosphate (320 mg/tablet) for 3 days [13, 26, 28].

Phase 5:

Elimination, 2010-

Targets: only people being travel to endemic areas of other countries

600 mg PPQ once every 30 days [41, 44, 45].

Targets: people with a history of P.vivax and P. ovale infections last year

180 mg primaquine for 8 days (22.5 mg/d) [41,42,43,44,45].

None recommended