Table 4 Frequency of various malaria risk factors and strength of association with Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia
Variable | Value | N (%) | N Pf+ (%) | Odds ratio | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observation-intervention study | |||||
 Age | 18–49 | 1316 (82%) | 60 (82%) | Ref | Ref |
< 18 | 160 (10%) | 9 (12%) | 1.15 (0.52, 2.25) | 0.70 | |
50+ | 136 (8%) | 4 (5%) | 0.67 (0.2, 1.66) | 0.44 | |
 Gender | Male | 1480 (92%) | 71 (97%) | Ref | Ref |
Female | 132 (8%) | 2 (3%) | 0.3 (0.05, 0.98) | 0.10 | |
 Logging | No | 890 (55%) | 31 (42%) | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 722 (45%) | 42 (58%) | 1.68 (1.05, 2.72) | 0.03 | |
 Fever last month | No | 998 (62%) | 35 (48%) | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 614 (38%) | 38 (52%) | 1.76 (1.10, 2.83) | 0.02 | |
 Usually stay overnight | No | 351 (22%) | 16 (22%) | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1261 (78%) | 57 (78%) | 1.02 (0.59, 1.86) | 0.95 | |
 Treated for malaria before | Never | 225 (14%) | 8 (11%) | Ref | Ref |
< 1 month ago | 292 (18%) | 13 (18%) | 1.17 (0.48, 3.01) | 0.73 | |
< 1 year ago | 402 (25%) | 23 (32%) | 1.52 (0.69, 3.67) | 0.32 | |
> 1 year ago | 311 (19%) | 11 (15%) | 0.94 (0.37, 2.47) | 0.89 | |
Never heard of malaria | 382 (24%) | 18 (25%) | 1.33 (0.58, 3.30) | 0.51 | |
MSAT Study | |||||
 Age | 18–49 | 1372 (85%) | 32 (86%) | Ref | Ref |
< 18 | 117 (7%) | 1 (3%) | 0.36 (0.02, 1.72) | 0.32 | |
50+ | 122 (8%) | 4 (11%) | 1.41 (0.41, 3.62) | 0.53 | |
 Gender | Male | 1424 (88%) | 32 (86%) | Ref | Ref |
Female | 188 (12%) | 5 (14%) | 1.20 (0.41, 2.86) | 0.71 | |
 Logging | No | 1328 (82%) | 29 (78%) | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 284 (18%) | 8 (22%) | 1.29 (0.54,2.72) | 0.53 | |
 Fever last month | No | 1118 (69%) | 26 (70%) | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 494 (31%) | 11 (30%) | 0.96 (0.45, 1.90) | 0.90 | |
 Usually Stay Overnight | No | 111 (7%) | 4 (11%) | Ref | Ref |
Yes | 1501 (93%) | 33 (89%) | 0.59 (0.23,2.02) | 0.34 | |
 Treated for malaria before | Never | 327 (20%) | 8 (22%) | Ref | Ref |
< 1 month ago | 96 (6%) | 2 (5%) | 0.88 (0.13, 3.60) | 0.88 | |
< 1 year ago | 147 (9%) | 4 (11%) | 1.12 (0.29,3.62) | 0.86 | |
> 1 year ago | 913 (57%) | 21 (57%) | 0.95 (0.43, 2.28) | 0.89 | |
Never heard of malaria | 129 (8%) | 2 (5%) | 0.64 (0.10, 2.60) | 0.58 | |