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Table 1 Extended cost-effectiveness analysis input parameters for public financing of selected malaria prevention and treatment interventions in Ethiopia

From: Health gains and financial risk protection afforded by public financing of selected malaria interventions in Ethiopia: an extended cost-effectiveness analysis

Parameter

Value

References

Epidemiology

 Population at risk of malaria (2016)

61,504,000

[12, 38]

 Population for malaria vaccine (2016 birth cohort)

1,984,000

Authors’ calculation [34, 38]

 Crude birth and child mortality rate, per 1000 population

32, 20

[34]

 Total fertility rate, Q1–Q5; Aa

6.4, 5.6, 4.9, 4.3, 2.6; 4.6

[34]

 Average household size

4.2

[38]

 Number of malaria deaths in the general population, population at risk, and children

5000; 3767; 1790

[4, 39]

 Prevalence of malaria in population at risk, Q1–Q5; A

4.6; 3.1; 3.6; 2.2; 2.1; 3.1%

[9, 10]

 Prevalence of malaria in children, Q1–Q5; A

5, 3.3, 2.9, 2, 1.7, 3.1%

[9]

 Probability of seeking malaria care, Q1–Q5; A

23.8, 30.4, 33.0, 42.3, 50.5; 35.3%

[34]

 Case fatality ratio for malaria outpatient and inpatient cases

0.19; 0.65%

[3, 4]

 Proportion of malaria-related hospital admissions, Q1–Q5

1.00, 0.90, 0.96, 0.87, 0.83; 0.91%

[36, 37]

 Effectiveness of LLIN

50%

[27, 40]

 Effectiveness of indoor residual spraying (IRS)

29%

[31]

 Vaccine efficacy, Weibull decay after 9 months over 5-years

9–12 months

77%

Authors’ calculation based on [41]

12–24 months

46%

24–36 months

23%

36–48 months

13%

48–60 months

8%

 Effectiveness of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) on mortality reduction

95%

[32]

Interventions

 LLIN coverage before intervention, Q1–Q5, A

26, 36, 42, 47, 44; 40%

[9]

 LLIN coverage after intervention, Q1–Q5, A

36, 46, 52, 57, 54; 50%

[12] Authors’ assumption

 IRS coverage before intervention, Q1–Q5, A

35, 35, 36, 28, 11; 29%

[9]

 IRS coverage after intervention, Q1–Q5, A

45, 45, 46, 38, 21; 39%

[12] Authors’ assumption

 Malaria vaccine coverage before intervention, Q1–Q5, A

0

[15]

 Malaria vaccine coverage after intervention, Q1–Q5, A

10, 10, 10, 10, 10; 10%

Authors’ assumption

 Malaria vaccine coverage after intervention, Q1–Q5, A (fully immunized coverage)

19, 31, 30, 40, 58; 33%

[34]

 ACT coverage before intervention, Q1–Q5, A

24, 30, 33, 42, 51; 35%

[34]

 ACT coverage after intervention, Q1–Q5, A

34, 40, 43, 52, 61; 45%

Authors’ assumption

Costs (2016 $)

 Out-of-pocket outpatient costs, Q1–Q5, A

$6.4, 6.8, 5.5, 6.6, 5.7; 6.2

[42]

 Out-of-pocket inpatient costs

$65.9

[18]

 Unit cost of malaria treatment outpatient visit

$7.3

[43]

 Unit cost of malaria treatment inpatient visitb

$31.6

[43]

 Unit cost of LLIN

$5.4

[44]

 Unit cost per vaccinated child (3 doses)

$26.0

[45]

 IRS unit cost per person protected

$5.3

[46, 47]

 Household consumption expenditure Q1–Q5, A

$227, 369, 499, 671, 1422; 638

[48]

 Share of food in total consumption expenditure Q1–Q5, A

48, 54, 51, 51, 58, 54%

[23]

 GDP per capita 2016

$713

[38]

  1. aQ1 stands for poorest income quintile, Q5 for richest income quintile, and A for average
  2. bAverage unit cost estimate for inpatient visit