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Table 3 Malaria incidence by ITN use and net hole size in a fixed cohort of 1223 children, Liwonde, Malawi April–December 2013

From: The effectiveness of older insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) to prevent malaria infection in an area of moderate pyrethroid resistance: results from a cohort study in Malawi

ITN use and hole category

Malaria infections, n

PYs at risk

Adjusted iPPY (95% CI)

Use of ITN with no holes

393

345

0.75 (0.55–1.02)

Use of ITN with ≥ 1 small or medium hole (no large or extra-large holes)

208

122

0.98 (0.70–1.37)

Use of ITN with ≥ 1 large or extra-large hole

168

126

0.86 (0.61–1.21)

No ITN use

25

19

0.99 (0.59–1.66)

  1. ITN insecticide-treated bed net, iPPY infections per person-year; Large hole between fist and head-sized, Extra-large hole head-sized or larger
  2. * Adjusted for age, inverse distance-weighted malaria prevalence, malaria season, number of ITNs < 300 m, altitude, household wealth index, and caregiver completion of primary school