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Table 3 Logistic regression of factors associated with the prevalence of malaria

From: Determinants of the persistence of malaria in Rwanda

Characteristics

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted ORa (95% CI)

Sex

 Boys

Ref

Ref

 Girls

0.92 (0.72–1.16)

0.92 (0.72–1.17)

 Women

0.47 (0.37–0.58)

0.52 (0.41–0.65)

Age

 < 1

Ref

Ref

 1

2.12 (1.49–3.02)

2.35 (1.63–3.40)

 2

1.45 (1.00–2.11)

1.47 (1.00–2.16)

 3

1.72 (1.20–2.47)

1.69 (1.16–2.45)

 4

1.95 (1.36–2.80)

1.98 (1.38–2.83)

 15–29

0.91 (0.66–1.25)

0.92 (0.56–1.52)

 30–39

0.56 (0.38–0.84)

0.56 (0.34–0.92)

 49–49

0.63 (0.40–1.00)

0.57 (0.34–0.95)

Use of mosquito nets

 Yes

Ref

Ref

 No

1.31 (1.07–1.61)

1.29 (1.03–1.60)

Altitude

 < 1700 m

3.92 (2.70–5.69)

2.93 (1.94–4.42)

 > 1700 m

Ref

Ref

Type of residence

 Rural

Ref

Ref

 Urban

0.27 (0.17–0.45)

0.83 (0.46–1.50)

Household wealth quintile

 Very low

1.47 (1.13–1.91)

1.54 (1.17–2.03)

 Low

1.12 (0.84–1.54)

1.18 (0.89–1.57)

 Middle

Ref

Ref

 Higher

0.66 (0.48–0.92)

0.66 (0.48–0.92)

 Highest

0.22 (0.15–0.33)

0.36 (0.22–0.60)

Province of residence

 Kigali city

0.43 (0.22–0.87)

0.63 (0.29–1.38)

 Southern province

3.12 (1.86–5.25)

2.84 (1.70–4.83)

 Northern province

0.25 (0.11–0.55)

0.38 (0.17–0.84)

 Eastern province

4.61 (2.74–7.74)

3.09 (1.79–5.45)

 Western province

Ref

Ref

Education level

 No education

Ref

Ref

 Primary education

0.63 (0.51–0.76)

1.20 (0.82–1.75)

 Secondary and higher

0.35 (0.24–0.51)

1.10 (0.62–1.97)

Season

 Dry

Ref

Ref

 Rainy

1.11 (0.80–1.54)

1.01 (0.76–1.34)

  1. a OR: adjusted for cluster survey design, socioeconomic characteristics, seasonality, altitude, use of mosquito nets, and residence
  2. Italics: statistically significant (P < 0.05)