Fig. 8

Nutritional supplementation with Moringa increased effector T cell proportions in malnourished mice. Adult C57Bl/6 mice were malnourished by food limitation by allowing mice access to food for 4 h daily for 4 weeks prior to infection. A second group of malnourished mice were supplemented with Moringa (500 mg per mouse), while controls had constant supply of food. All mice were infected with a 1 × 10⁵ dose of P. chabaudi AS and sacrificed at day 9 post-infection. Summary graphs show a Percent and b numbers of effector CD4⁺ T cells identified by CD4⁺CD44^hiCD62L^lo. Numbers of c IFNγ and d TNF producing CD4⁺ T cells. e Percent and f number of Tbet expression on CD4⁺ T cells determined using flow cytometry. Data represents an average of 5 mice per group and error bars represent SEM. Significance was determined by two-tailed t test with 95% confidence, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Mal malnourished, Mal & MO malnourished supplemented with Moringa