Malaria Journal

Table 7 Environmental variables and distribution of Anopheles larvae at Ghibe River basin (November 2014–October 2016)

From: Anopheles larval species composition and characterization of breeding habitats in two localities in the Ghibe River Basin, southwestern Ethiopia

Environmental factors	An. gambiae (s. l.)			An. christyi			An. pharoensis
Environmental factors	Mean rank	U	p	Mean rank	U	p	Mean rank	U	p
Habitat permanence
Temporary	81.69	3137	0.455	79.9	2960.5	0.019*	81.46	3115	0.047*
Permanent	87.37			89.96			87.69
Presence of algae
Present	90.08	2808	0.235	91.56	2722.5	0.09	84.85	3111.5	0.686
Absent	80.77			79.98			83.55
Surface debris
Absent	90.21	2117	0.009*	79.05	2267	0.00*	83.23	2746	0.429
Present	68.6			96.27			85.92
Intensity of light
Shade	41.5	228	0.028*	74	423	0.36	93.42	426.5	0.237
Lit	85.58			84.37			83.65

	An. gambiae (s.l.)				An. christyi				An. pharoensis
	Mean rank	χ²	df	p	Mean rank	χ²	df	p	Mean rank	χ²	df	p
Water perimeter (m)
< 10 m	85.96	5.17	2	0.075	83.45	2.13	2	0.343	81.3	68.74	2	0.00*
10–100 m	83.3				90.88				83.23
> 100 m	40.25				74				150
Turbidity
Low	87.31	0.58	2	0.748	90.33	5.34	2	0.06	85.71	1.95	2	0.376
Medium	80.54				79.9				85
High	83.78				80.67				80.69
Distance to nearest house (m)
≤ 100	94.62	10.57	3	0.014*	76.04	24.91	3	0.00*	81.14	4.57	3	0.206
101–200	82.36				83.41				88.31
201–300	63.26				99.83				84.69
301–400	60.9				116.33				79
Canopy cover
Open	89.75	7.955	2	0.019*	84.42	0.454	2	0.797	81.54	9.469	2	0.009*
Tree	64.32				83.36				92.86
Shrub	83.33				74				79
Emergent plant
Absent	93.22	8.65	3	0.034*	82.33	7.54	3	0.057	81.29	11.84	3	0.008*
Grass	71.81				91.57				80.28
Weeds	89				82.3				86.75
Grass + weeds	68.9				73.5				95.6
Substrate type
Gravel	71.69	2.066	2	0.356	94.44	21.06	2	0.00*	84.03	0.838	2	0.658
Mud	87.37				77.66				84.81
Stone	78.42				100.24				81.3

*Statistically significant at p < 0.05
Df degree of freedom

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