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Table 1 Community-based prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium infection using nPCR and microscopy/RDT

From: The epidemiology and detectability of asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum infections in low, moderate and high transmission settings in Ethiopia

Attributes

Category

Parasite prevalence by nPCR,

% (n/N) [95% CI]

P-value

Parasite prevalence by microscopy/RDT,

% (n/N) [95% CI]

P-value

Gender

Male

22.5 (106/472) [18.9–26.5]

0.442

13.5(65/483) [10.7–16.8]

0.232

 

Female

20.2 (74/367) [16.4–24.6]

 

10.7(40/372) [7.9–14.3]

Age group (years)

≤ 5

21.5 (14/65) [13.1–33.3]

0.008

10.6 (7/66) [5.1–20.7]

< 0.001

 

5–15

26.7 (62/232) [21.4–32.8]

20.7 (50/241) [16.1–26.3]

 

≥ 15

16.9 (87/513) [13.9–20.5]

5.6 (29/515) [3.9–7.9]

Study sites (n/N)

High transmission

Lare

46.1 (47/102) [36.6–55.8]

< 0.001

35.9 (41/114) [27.6–45.2]

< 0.001

Abobo

34.2 (39/114) [26.1–43.4]

23.7 (28/118) [16.9–32.3]

Meng

17.6 (21/119) [11.8–25.6]

10.1 (12/119) [5.8–16.9]

Moderate transmission

Mamo-Komo

29.3 (34/116) [21.7–38.3]

16.4 (19/116) [10.7–24.3]

Arba Minch zuria

12.4 (20/161) [8.1–18.5]

1.8 (3/161) [0.6–5.6]

Low transmission

Babile

15.4 (18/117) [9.9–23.2]

1.7 (2/117) [0.4–6.6]

Gomma

3.4 (4/117) [1.3–8.8]

0.0 (0/115 [NA]

Transmission intensity

High

31.9 (107/335) [6.3–13.9]

< 0.001

23.1(81/351) [18.9–27.8]

< 0.001

Moderate

19.5 (54/277) [15.2–24.6]

7.9 (22/277) [5.3–11.8]

Low

9.4 (22/234) [6.3–13.9]

0.9 (2/232) [0.2–3.4]

Overall Prevalence (n/N)

–

21.6 (183/846) [18.9–24.5]

 

12.2 (105/860) [10.1–14.6]

 
  1. Age was missed for 40 samples. Gender was missed for seven samples
  2. CI confidence interval, API Annual Parasite Index /1000 people