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Table 1 Comparison of fluorochromes used in flow cytometric analysis of Plasmodium development and drug susceptibility tests

From: Progress and challenges in the use of fluorescence‐based flow cytometric assays for anti‐malarial drug susceptibility tests

Fluorochrome (Maximum excitation/emission)

Plasmodium species

Process

Characteristics of assay

Applications

References

Combination with RNA-binding fluorochrome

Cell fixation

% Lowest parasitemia

Staging intraerythrocytic development

Gametocyte detection

Merozoite invasion assay

Antimalarial drug assay

Cell membrane permeable

Hoechst 33,258 (350/461 nm)

Falciparum

None

Yes

0.001% (estimated from number of leukocyte)

No

ND

ND

ND

[35]

Acridine orange

Falciparum

None

Yes

Comparable to microscopic examination

Yes

ND

ND

Yes

[54]

DNA: 500/526

RNA: 460/650

Hoechst 33,342 (350/461 nm)

Falciparum

vivax & berghei

Dihydroethidium

No

0.02%

Yes

ND

ND

Yes

[44]

ViSafe Green (488/520)

Falciparum

None

No

0.001%

Yes

Yes

ND

Yes

[61]

Cell membrane impermeable

Propidium iodide (351/617 nm)

Falciparum

None

Yes

7.5%

Yes

ND

Yes

Yes

[62, 63]

PicoGreen

None

Yes

0.1%

ND

ND

ND

Yes

[75]

SYBR Green I (497/520 nm)

None

Yes

ND

Yes

ND

Yes

Yes

[53]

YOYO-1 (488/520–530 nm)

None

Yes

ND

Yes

ND

ND

Yes

[73]