Fig. 1

Clinical sample collection sites in Uganda and overview of methods for detection of pfcrt haplotypes. a Samples were collected in Southwest Uganda in the districts of Ibanda, Isingiro, Kiruhura, and Mbarara in 2010 (red stars) and the district of Kasese in 2015 (black star). Kunungu (grey star) was evaluated in previous studies [28, 40] and is used as a regional and temporal comparator. b Work flow of DNA isolation methods extracted from various sources followed by High-Resolution Melt analysis