Table 2 Definitions of terminology used based on WHO [20, 21]
From: Malaria in Eswatini, 2012–2019: a case study of the elimination effort
Type of malaria | Description |
|---|---|
Surveillance (elimination programmes) | That part of the programme designed for the identification, investigation and elimination of continuing transmission, the prevention and cure of infections, and final substantiation of claimed elimination |
Confirmed case | A malaria case or infection in which the parasite has been detected in a diagnostic test, i.e., microscopy, a rapid diagnostic test, or a molecular diagnostic test |
Presumed case | A malaria case suspected of being malaria is not confirmed by a diagnostic test |
Active case detection | Detection by health workers of malaria cases at community and household levels, sometimes in population groups that are considered at high risk |
Passive case detection | Detection of malaria cases among patients who, on their initiative, visit health services for diagnosis and treatment, usually for a febrile illness case |
Confirmed case | Malaria case (or infection) in which the parasite has been detected in a diagnostic test, i.e., microscopy, a rapid diagnostic test, or a molecular diagnostic test |
Indigenous case | A case contracted locally with no evidence of importation and no direct link to transmission from an imported case |
Introduced case | A case contracted locally, with strong epidemiological evidence linking it directly to a known imported case (first-generation local transmission) |
Imported case | Malaria case or infection in which the infection was acquired outside the area in which it is diagnosed |
Autochthonous | A case locally acquired by mosquito-borne transmission, i.e., indigenous or introduced case (also called ‘locally transmitted’) |