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Table 2 Risk factors associated with asymptomatic carriage of malaria parasites among pregnant women surveyed at the household level in Burkina Faso in 2013/2014

From: Asymptomatic malaria and anaemia among pregnant women during high and low malaria transmission seasons in Burkina Faso: household-based cross-sectional surveys in Burkina Faso, 2013 and 2017

Potential factors

N

MiP cases

Univariate analysis

Multivariable analysis

PR (95% CI)

p

Adj. PR (95% CI)

p

Age

   

< 0.001a

 

< 0.001a

 ≥ 30

468

59

1

 

1

 

 20–30

380

122

1.13 (0.84–1.51)

 

1.07 (0.80–1.38)

 

 ≤ 20

859

90

1.88 (1.39–2.53)

 

1.57 (1.04–2.38)

 

Trimester of pregnancy

   

0.08

 

0.13

 First

404

77

1

   

 Second

731

115

0.83 (0.64–1.07)

 

0.88 (0.68–1.14)

 

 Third

573

79

0.72 (0.54–0.96)

 

0.77 (0.58–1.02)

 

Parity

   

< 0.001a

 

0.63

 Multigravida

1039

138

1

 

1

 

 Secundigravida

314

62

1.31 (1.00–1.73)

 

1.10 (0.80–1.49)

 

 Primigravida

354

71

1.70 (1.32–2.20)

 

1.21 (0.83–1.76)

 

Insecticide‑treated nets

   

0.99

 

0.88

 At least one

1650

262

1

 

1

 

 No insecticide-treated nets

57

9

0.99 (0.54–1.83)

 

0.89 (0.50–1.61)

 

Education

   

0.56

 

0.86

 No education

1693

268

1

 

1

 

 Educated

14

3

1.35 (0.49–3.71)

 

1.24 (0.46–3.33)

 

Household socioeconomic

   

0.90

 

0.85

 Middle quintile

352

52

1

 

1

 

 Poorest

300

51

1.15 (0.81–1.64)

 

1.10 (0.78–1.55)

 

 Poor

364

57

1.06 (0.75–1.49)

 

1.05 (0.75–1.48)

 

 Rich

338

51

1.02 (0.71–1.45)

 

1.05 (0.74–1.49)

 

 Richest

354

60

1.14 (0.81–1.61)

 

1.18 (0.84–1.65)

 

Place of residence

   

0.84

 

0.91

 Rural

1586

251

1

 

1

 

 Urban

120

20

1.05 (0.69–1.58)

 

0.96 (0.64–1.43)

 

Malaria season

   

< 0.001a

 

< 0.001a

 Low season

1222

155

1

 

1

 

 High season

485

116

1.89 (1.52–2.34)

 

1.85 (1.49–2.29)

 
  1. PR prevalence ratio, Adj. adjusted, MiP malaria in pregnancy, aSignificant at the 0.05 level