Asymptomatic malaria and anaemia among pregnant women during high and low malaria transmission seasons in Burkina Faso: household-based cross-sectional surveys in Burkina Faso, 2013 and 2017

Table 3 Risk factors associated with asymptomatic carriage among pregnant women surveyed at the household level in Burkina Faso in 2017

Potential factors	N	MiP cases	Univariate analysis		Multivariable analysis
Potential factors	N	MiP cases	PR (95% CI)	p	Adj. PR (95% CI)	p
Age				< 0.001^a		< 0.001^a
≥ 30	623	18	1		1
20–30	275	41	5.16 (3.02–8.82)		1.71 (1.01–2.91)
≤ 20	933	58	2.15 (1.28–3.62)		2.73 (1.32–5.67)
Trimester of pregnancy				< 0.001^a		< 0.001^a
First	426	21	1		1
Second	709	53	0.74 (0.5–1.09)		0.71 (0.49–1.03)
Third	697	43	0.30 (0.18–0.50)		0.28 (0.17–0.47)
Parity				< 0.001^a		0.052
Multigravida	1325	55	1		1
Secundigravida	310	32	2.49 (1.64–3.78)		1.75 (1.07–2.87)
Primigravida	196	30	3.69 (2.43–5.61)		2.07 (1.10–3.90)	0.10
Insecticide-treated nets				0.020^a
At least one	1762	108	1		1
No insecticide-treated nets	69	9	2.13 (1.13–4.02)		1.58 (0.80–3.11)
Education				0.58		0.81
No education	1755	111	1		1
Educated	76	6	1.25 (0.57–2.75)		1.09 (0.49–2.4)
Household socioeconomic				0.14		0.59
Middle quintile	360	23	1		1
Poorest	334	31	1.45 (0.87–2.44)		1.28 (0.76–2.15)
Poor	363	22	0.95 (0.54–1.67)		0.93 (0.53–1.62)
Rich	375	17	0.71 (0.39–1.31)		0.83 (0.46–1.52)
Richest	399	24	0.94 (0.54–1.64)		0.92 (0.55–1.56)
Place of residence				0.10		0.15
Rural	1685	103	1		1
Urban	146	14	1.57 (0.92–2.67)		1.46 (0.87–2.44)

PR prevalence ratio, Adj. adjusted, MiP malaria in pregnancy, ^aSignificant at the 0.05 level

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