Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of 762 in-patients, Uganda
From: Quality of care for adult in-patients with malaria in a tertiary hospital in Uganda
Characteristic | Anti-malarial Use during the Current Hospitalization | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Overall | |
Age, yearsa | 27 (21–35) | 30 (25–43) | 30 (24–42) |
Length of hospital stay, daysa | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–6) | 4 (3–6) |
Patient-days of observation | 454 | 3287 | 3741 |
Extent of anti-malarial use | Anti-malarial Use during the Current Hospitalization, n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Total | |
Pre-admission anti-malarials | 97 (13) | 665 (87) | 762 |
In-hospital anti-malarials | 100 (13) | 662 (87) | 762 |
Pre-admission anti-malarials | 38 (38) | 62 (62) | 100 |
Pre-/in-hospital co-trimoxazole | 15 (15) | 85 (85) | 100 |
In-hospital antibiotics | 61 (61) | 39 (39) | 100 |
In-hospital antiretrovirals | 14 (14) | 86 (86) | 100 |
Pre-/in-hospital anti-malarials | 159 (21) | 603 (79) | 762 |
Subgroup analyses on key variables | Anti-malarial Use, n (%) | Single factor analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Total, [% col]b | ORc | 95% CId for OR | P-value | |
Gender | ||||||
Male | 20 ( 9) | 208 (91) | 228 [30] | 1.0 | ||
Female | 80 (15) | 454 (85) | 534 [70] | 1.8 | 1.09–3.07 | 0.022 |
Ward | ||||||
Gynaecological (GYN) | 25 (13) | 166 (87) | 191 [25] | 1.0 | ||
Infectious Diseases and Gastrointestinal Illnesses (IDGI) | 57 (18) | 263 (82) | 320 [42] | 1.4 | 0.87–2.39 | 0.161 |
Haematology, Neurology and Endocrinology (HNE) | 12 (10) | 105 (90) | 117 [15] | 0.8 | 0.37–1.58 | 0.459 |
Cardiovascular, Pulmonology and Nephrology (CPN) | 6 ( 4) | 128 (96) | 134 [18] | 0.3 | 0.12–0.78 | 0.013 |
Number of working diagnoses | ||||||
One | 21 (15) | 122 (85) | 143 [18] | 1.0 | ||
Two | 26 (13) | 177 (87) | 203 [27] | 0.9 | 0.46–1.59 | 0.616 |
Three | 28 (15) | 158 (85) | 186 [24] | 1.0 | 0.56–1.90 | 0.926 |
Four or more | 25 (11) | 205 (89) | 230 [30] | 0.7 | 0.38–1.32 | 0.277 |
Length of hospital stay, days | ||||||
Less than 5-days | 64 (15) | 368 (85) | 432 [57] | 1.0 | ||
Five days or more | 36 (11) | 294 (89) | 330 [43] | 0.7 | 0.46–1.09 | 0.115 |
HIV-serostatus | ||||||
Negative | 49 (14) | 291 (86) | 340 [45] | 1.0 | ||
Positive | 23 (10) | 209 (90) | 232 [30] | 0.7 | 0.39–1.11 | 0.113 |
Unknown | 28 (15) | 162 (85) | 190 [25] | 1.0 | 0.62–1.70 | 0.919 |
Hospitalization in past 3-months | ||||||
No | 75 (14) | 455 (86) | 532 [70] | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 25 (11) | 205 (89) | 230 [30] | 0.7 | 0.46–1.20 | 0.227 |
Charlson's co-morbidity index score | ||||||
Zero | 64 (16) | 329 (84) | 393 [52] | 1.0 | ||
One or more | 36 (10) | 333 (90) | 369 [48] | 0.6 | 0.36–0.86 | 0.008 |
Antiretroviral therapy use | ||||||
No | 86 (14) | 549 (86) | 635 [83] | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 14 (11) | 113 (89) | 127 [17] | 0.8 | 0.43–1.44 | 0.444 |
Microscopy—Malaria Parasitaemia Results Available | ||||||
No | 62 (62) | 616 (93) | 678 [89] | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 38 (38) | 46 ( 7) | 84 [11] | 8.2 | 4.81–14.0 | < 0.001 |
Major admission diagnosis | ||||||
Malaria | ||||||
No | 17 ( 3) | 604 (97) | 621 [81] | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 83 (59) | 58 (41) | 141 [19] | 50 | 28.3–91.5 | < 0.001 |
Immunosuppressed syndrome (ISS) or HIV/AIDSe | ||||||
No | 86 (14) | 524 (86) | 610 [80] | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 14 ( 9) | 14 (91) | 152 [20] | 0.6 | 0.34–1.12 | 0.113 |
Tuberculosis (TB) | ||||||
No | 92 (14) | 548 (86) | 640 [84] | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 8 ( 7) | 114 (93) | 122 [16] | 0.4 | 0.20–0.88 | 0.023 |
Sepsis-related working diagnosis | ||||||
No | 81 (12) | 597 (88) | 678 [89] | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 19 (23) | 65 (77) | 84 [11] | 2.2 | 1.23–3.78 | 0.007 |
Respiratory Conditions except TB | ||||||
No | 85 (13) | 547 (87) | 632 [83] | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 15 (12) | 115 (88) | 130 [17] | 0.8 | 0.47–1.51 | 0.557 |
Miscellaneous infections | ||||||
No | 78 (12) | 571 (88) | 649 [85] | 1.0 | ||
Yes | 22 (19) | 91 (81) | 113 [15] | 1.8 | 1.05–2.98 | 0.032 |