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Table 5 Frequencies of seven SP-resistance markers in dhfr and dhps in Angola since the early 2000s

From: Historical trends and new surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance markers in Angola

Year

dhfr

dhps

Province

Recruitment

Notes

Ref

51I

59R

108N

436A

437G

540E

581G

2004

56.4

94.9

0

-

Uíge

Children < 12 years at hospital with uncomplicated malaria

Mixed infections reported as mutant or excluded

[63]

2004

95.5

36.4

97

51.5

92.4

0

0

Uíge

Children 4–108 months in hospital emergency unit

Mixed infections reported as mutant

[36]

2007

33.1

11.2

Luanda

Children 1–16 years with uncomplicated malaria in hospital

Year approximate

[54]

2007

90.9

38

99.1

84.8

12.2

Huambo, Uíge, Kwanza Norte, Cabinda, Malanje

Baseline survey of children < 5 years

-

[50]

2007

93.4

57.4

98.4

23.3

93.3

10

6.7

Luanda

Adults with uncomplicated malaria at health facilities

dhfr/dhps reported separately

[32]

2011

46.2

63.5

98.1

3.4

96.6

6.9

0

Huíla

 > 12 years old with uncomplicated malaria in hospital

Mixed infections reported as mutant; dhfr/dhps reported separately

[64]

2010–2011

89.7

25.9

96.6

26.7

86.7

0

0

Benguela

Random household survey of children < 15 years

Mixed infections not mentioned; dhfr/dhps reported separately

[56]

2013–2016

94.2

73.9

98.6

4.3

91.3

17.4

0

Migrant workers returning to China

Mixed infections reported as mutant

[37]

2018

97.9

93.8

94

23.5

97.9

30.6

9.6

Cabinda

Adults and children in hospital

-

This study

  1. Each allele frequency was re-calculated from published prevalence data to include mixed infections whenever possible (see Additional file 5: Table S5)