No evidence of false-negative Plasmodium falciparum rapid diagnostic results in Monrovia, Liberia

King, Mandella; George, Alexander E.; Cisteró, Pau; Tarr-Attia, Christine K.; Arregui, Beatriz; Omeonga, Senga; Chen, Haily; Meyer García-Sípido, Ana; Sarukhan, Adelaida; Bassat, Quique; Lansana, Dawoh Peter; Mayor, Alfredo

doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03774-3

Malaria Journal

Table 1 Plasmodium falciparum positivity rates among the individuals with fever or history of fever during the previous week, by demographic and clinical variables

From: No evidence of false-negative Plasmodium falciparum rapid diagnostic results in Monrovia, Liberia

	RDT					Microscopy					PCR
	Neg		Pos			Neg		Pos			Neg		Pos
	n = 765		n = 186			n = 751		n = 200			n = 185		n = 77
	n	%	n	%	p	n	%	n	%	p	n	%	n	%	p
Gender
Female	398	52	93	50	0.624	390	52	101	51	0.750	98	53	45	58	0.496
Male	366	48	93	50		360	48	99	50		87	47	32	42
Age (in years)
< 5	308	40	22	12	< 0.001	304	40	26	13	< 0.001	37	20	10	13	0.142
5–10	98	13	15	8		91	12	22	11		36	19	9	12
10–20	64	8	57	31		62	8	59	30		36	19	21	27
> 20	295	39	92	49		294	39	93	47		76	41	37	48
Previous malaria
No	209	27	36	19	0.025	201	27	44	22	0.203	51	28	15	19	0.212
Yes	556	73	150	81		550	73	156	78		134	72	62	81
ITN
No	407	53	103	55	0.623	402	54	108	54	0.936	105	57	43	56	0.892
Yes	358	47	83	45		349	46	92	46		80	43	34	44
IRS
No	329	43	90	48	0.189	323	43	96	48	0.229	84	45	37	48	0.786
Yes	436	57	96	52		428	57	104	52		101	55	40	52
Fever
No	477	62	109	59	0.356	466	62	120	60	0.624	130	70	40	52	0.007
Yes	288	38	77	41		285	38	80	40		55	30	37	48
History fever
No	186	24	40	22	0.444	183	24	43	22	0.455	35	19	20	26	0.244
Yes	579	76	146	78		568	76	157	79		150	81	57	74
Abdominal pain
No	627	82	144	77	0.175	616	82	155	78	0.155	147	79	56	73	0.257
Yes	138	18	42	23		135	18	45	23		38	21	21	27
Joint pain
No	617	81	116	62	< 0.001	604	80	129	65	< 0.001	156	84	48	62	< 0.001
Yes	148	19	70	38		147	20	71	36		29	16	29	38
Body ache
No	669	87	158	85	0.395	659	88	168	84	0.193	154	83	61	79	0.481
Yes	96	13	28	15		92	12	32	16		31	17	16	21
Cough
No	437	57	136	73	< 0.001	432	58	141	71	0.001	121	65	64	83	0.005
Yes	328	43	50	27		319	42	59	30		64	35	13	17
Diarrhoea
No	675	88	157	84	0.174	660	88	172	86	0.472	163	88	64	83	0.320
Yes	90	12	29	16		91	12	28	14		22	12	13	17
Headache
No	465	61	66	35	< 0.001	454	60	77	39	< 0.001	111	60	30	39	0.003
Yes	300	39	120	65		297	40	123	62		74	40	47	61
Nausea
No	655	86	170	91	0.040	642	85	183	92	0.026	172	93	69	90	0.453
Yes	110	14	16	9		109	15	17	9		13	7	8	10
Vomiting
No	608	79	128	69	0.002	596	79	140	70	0.006	157	85	58	75	0.078
Yes	157	21	58	31		155	21	60	30		28	15	19	25
Sweat
No	639	84	156	84	1.000	628	84	167	84	1.000	162	88	66	86	0.690
Yes	126	16	30	16		123	16	33	17		23	12	11	14
Chills and shivers
No	591	77	124	67	0.003	581	77	134	67	0.003	152	82	59	77	0.308
Yes	174	23	62	33		170	23	66	33		33	18	18	23
Weakness
No	494	65	76	41	< 0.001	483	64	87	44	< 0.001	134	72	30	39	< 0.001
Yes	271	35	110	59		268	36	113	57		51	28	47	61

RDT: Rapid diagnostic test; ITN: Insecticide treated nets; IRS: indoor residual spraying

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ISSN: 1475-2875

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