Fig. 1

Overview of metabolomic data from uninfected red blood cells maintained under near-identical culture conditions. A Raw counts of metabolites (m_Raw) that were common between the five independent experiments (Pure 1, −Hxn, + Mev, + Fos, and Pure 2). The thin vertical lines separate quadruplicate samples at each time point, while the thick vertical lines separate the five studies. The abscissa denotes the time point of sample collection during an experiment; the ordinate represents the different metabolites. B Estimated \(\zeta\) values for all overlapping metabolites. The coloured markers denote the following: pink, metabolites with \(\zeta \ge \stackrel{{\sim }}{\zeta}\); gray, metabolites with \(\zeta< \stackrel{{\sim }}{\zeta}\); green, internal standard metabolite (PtdEth C18:0/20:4); red, an outlier metabolite (2-hydroxyglutarate). The dotted line is showing \(\stackrel{{\sim }}{\zeta}\), the median value of \(\zeta\) for all the metabolites. C The temporal profile (relative to 0 h) of the internal standard metabolite during the five experiments. D The average of raw metabolomic data in A after normalization with the internal standard and raw counts at 0-h time point under each experiment. We computed the average using the normalized values of each metabolite in the quadruplicate samples at each time point of every culture condition. \(\widehat{\text{m}}\) denotes the time-resolved abundance of metabolite m after the normalization and the averaging.  + Fos, fosmidomycin-added RPMI medium; -Hxn, hypoxanthine-deprived RPMI medium; + Mev, mevalonate-added RPMI medium; PtdEth, phosphatidylethanolamine; Pure 1, pure RPMI medium; Pure 2, pure RPMI medium; RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute