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Table 3 Univariable and multivariable analysis of clinical features associated with uraemia at admission

From: Identifying prognostic factors of severe metabolic acidosis and uraemia in African children with severe falciparum malaria: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial

Variable

Sample size: 5425

Univariable analysis

Multivariable analysis

N (%)

Acute kidney injury N(%)

Odds Ratio

CI 95%

P-value

Odds Ratio

CI 95%

P-value

Age (Mean: 2 years IQR:25th -75th: 1–4)

  

1.04

1.01–1.07

0.003

1.08

1.05—1.13

 < 0.001

Gender: female (reference), male

2611 (48.1)

533 (24.1)

1.03

0.89—1.18

0.688

1

0.86—1.16

0.97

Coma (BCS <  = 2)

1823 (33.6)

436 (28.8)

1.42

1.23–1.63

 < 0.001

3.18

2.36—4.27

 < 0.001

Severe prostration

2974 (54.8)

574 (23.1)

0.86

0.75–0.99

0.034

1.78

1.37—2.30

 < 0.001

Convulsions (> 30 min)

1692 (31.2)

293 (20.6)

0.74

0.63–0.86

 < 0.001

0.83

0.68—1.02

0.075

Decompensated shock

178 (3.3)

59 (39.3)

2.07

1.48–2.89

 < 0.001

1.89

1.31—2.74

0.001

Respiratory distress

867 (15.9)

198 (27.1)

1.19

0.99–1.43

0.056

1.1

0.89—1.35

0.366

Deep breathing

938 (17.3)

255 (30.9)

1.5

1.27–1.78

 < 0.001

2.05

1.65—2.55

 < 0.001

Black water fever (haemoglobinuria)

237 (4.4)

58 (32.0)

1.49

1.08—2.05

0.014

1.58

1.09—2.27

0.014

Severe jaundice

114 (2.1)

49 (50)

3.21

2.15– 4.79

 < 0.001

3.46

2.21- 5.43

 < 0.001

Anuria /Oliguria

7 (0.1)

6 (85.7)

18.75

2.25–155.9

0.007

   

Hyperparasitaemia

100 (1.8)

14 (15.6)

0.57

0.32 –1.01

0.053

   

Mild anaemia (< 10 −5)

2705 (55.0)

593 (23.6)

1.54

1.24- 1.91

 < 0.001

1.28

1.01—1.62

0.04

severe anaemia (> 5)

1431 (29.1)

393 (29.9)

2.13

1.69–2.67

 < 0.001

1.77

1.36—2.29

 < 0.001

Base excess: More than -8 mmol/L (reference)

2286 (49.9)

290 (12.9)

      

Severe metabolic acidosis

2296 (50.1)

800 (35.6)

3.73

3.21 – 4.33

 < 0.001

   

Blood Glucose: hypoglycaemia: < 3 mmol/L), No Hypoglycaemia (Reference)

557 (10.3)

223 (45.7)

3.02

2.49–3.67

 < 0.001

2.77

2.22—3.46

 < 0.001

  1. Severe Prostration: Not Able to breast feed < 6 m or able to sit > 6 m, Decompensated Shock: Children Systolic BP < 70mhg, Respiratory distress: costal in drawing/ recession / respiratory insufficiency, Hyperparasitaemia: > 500 parasites per high powered field
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Malaria Journal

ISSN: 1475-2875

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