Fig. 2

Lung injury and inflammation by P. berghei NK65-NY and A. suum coinfection at the 7 dpi. Histopathological analysis: A Panoramic image of the pulmonary parenchyma of the Ni group; B Panoramic image of the Pb group pulmonary parenchyma with slight thickening of the interalveolar septa (black arrowheads) and perivascular oedema (black arrow) with insert showing details: lymphocytes (blue arrowheads); C Panoramic image of group As pulmonary parenchyma with intense thickening of the interalveolar septa (black arrowheads), perivascular oedema (black arrow), A. suum larvae (blue arrow) and haemorrhage (*) with insert from the previous image showing details: eosinophils and neutrophils (blue arrowheads); D Panoramic image of the pulmonary parenchyma of the PbAs group with slight thickening of the interalveolar septa (black arrowheads) and haemorrhage (*) with insert from the previous image showing details: lymphocytes and macrophages (blue arrowheads). Haematoxylin & eosin stain. Scale bar of lowest magnification = 100 μm. Scale bar of highest magnification = 20 μm. E Macroscopy aspects of lungs of P. berghei and/or A. suum-infected mice. F Lung inflammation and haemorrhage score. G Septum thickness morphometry. H Cellular activity of macrophages (NAG), neutrophils (MPO), and eosinophils (EPO). Circles—non-infected group (n = 6), Square—P. berghei mono-infected group (n = 6), Triangle—A. suum mono-infected group (n = 6), Inverted triangle—coinfected group (n = 6 to 8). Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test and one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons were used. Results are shown as the mean ± SEM and were represented by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; and ****p < 0.0001