Table 1 Deviation to WHO protocol and impact on treatment outcome
From: Is there evidence of anti-malarial multidrug resistance in Burkina Faso?
Study setting (Ref) | Study design (follow-up) | Study pop. (n) | ACT | Reported % ACPR | Deviation from WHO protocol | Impact on ACPR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nouna health centre Aug–Oct 2011 [4] | RCT (28 days) | 6–59 months (193) | ASAQ vs ASAQ + MB | 85.1 vs 71.4 | mITT analysis, ETF misclassification | Decrease |
PCR correction with msp1 and msp2 | Decrease | |||||
Re-infection classified as ACPR | Increase | |||||
Nouna hospital. OctNov 2016 [5] | RCT (28 days) | 6–59 months (100) | ASAQ + PQ vs ASAQ + MB | 95.9 vs 95.7 | ITT analysis | Decrease |
PCR correction with msp1 and msp2 | Decrease | |||||
Re-infection classified as ACPR | Increase | |||||
Tiéfora and Mangodara health centres, Comoé Province. Sep–Dec 2009 [6] | Single arm (28 days) | 6–59 months (105) | AL | 90.5 | PCR correction with msp2 only | Decrease |
Re-infection classified as ACPR | Increase | |||||
Tiéfora and Mangodara health centres, Comoé Province. Sep–Dec 2012 [7] | Single arm (28 days) | 6–59 months (105) | AL | 86.7 | PCR correction with msp2 only | Decrease |
Re-infection classified as ACPR | Increase | |||||
Ouagadougou and Nanoro. 2012–2014 [8] | Multicentre, multicounty, single arm (28 and 42 days) | > 28 days and <5 kg (20) | AL | 100 day 28-100 day 42a | Re-infection classified as ACPR | Increase |
Colsama and Sakary health centres, Bobo-Dioulasso Jun–Dec 2016 [9] | RCT (28 days) | > 6 months (281) | AL vs ASAQ | 85.2 vs 97.0 | No PCR correction | Decrease |
Nanoro health district Sep 2008-Jan 2010 [10] | RCT (28 and 42 days) | 6–59 months (340) | AL vs ASAQ | 89.8 vs 89.7 - day 28 66.7 vs 63.0 day 42 | PCR correction with msp1 and msp2 | Decrease |
Re-infection classified as ACPR | Increase | |||||
Unsupervised treatment | Decease | |||||
RCT (28 days) | > 6 months (680) | AL vs ASAQ | 77.8 vs 84.1 | PCR correction with msp1 and msp2 | Decrease | |
Re-infection classified as ACPR | Increase | |||||
Unsupervised treatment | Decease | |||||
Dafra medical centre, Bobo-Dioulasso Dec 2008-Dec 2010 [14] | RCT (42 days) | 6 months–15 years (440) | AL vs ASAQ | 91.1 vs 98.1 | Longer follow-up | Decrease |
Re-infection classified as ACPR | Increase | |||||
Nanoro health district Jun 2010-Aug 2013 [15] | Multicentre, multicounty, RCT (63 days) | Pregnant women (802) | AL vs ASAQ vs ASMQ | 93.2 vs 96.7 vs 92.5 | Longer follow-up | Decrease |
Re-infection classified as ACPR | Increase | |||||
Balinghi. Oct 2010–Oct 2013 [6] | Multicentre, multicounty, RCT (63 days) | 6–59 months (245) | AL vs ASMQ | 95.9 vs 97.6 | Danger sign classified ETF at day 1 | Decrease |
Longer follow-up | Decrease | |||||
Re-infection classified as ACPR | Increase | |||||
Banfora Oct 2010–Oct 2013 [16] | Multicentre, multicounty, RCT (63 days) | 6–59 months (115) | AL vs ASMQ | 94.9 vs 91.2 | Danger sign classified ETF at day 1 | Decrease |
Longer follow-up | Decrease | |||||
Re-infection classified as ACPR | Increase | |||||
Ouagadougou and Nanoro Nov 2013-Jun 2015 [17] | Multicentre, multicounty, RCT (42 days) | 6–12 months (90) | DP different formulation | 98:3 vs 100b | Re-infection classified as ACPR | Increase |
Bobo Dioulasso and Banfora-Niangoloko Oct 2011–Feb 2016 [18] | Multicentre, multicounty, RCT (28 and 42 days) | > 6 months (1507) | AL vs ASAQ vs ASPY vs DP | > 99.5 day 28 98.6 day 42c | Re-infection classified ACPR if failure recorded on last day of follow-up | Increase |