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Table 2 Composition of liposomes used as active targeting drug delivery systems in malaria therapy

From: Liposomes for malaria management: the evolution from 1980 to 2020

Drugs

Lipid composition

Ratioa

Ligands

References

–

DMPC: cholesterol: dicetylphosphate

PC: sphingomyelin: cholestrol: dicetylphosphate

1:0.7:0.11

0.8:0.2:0.75:0.11

Glycolipids

[163]

–

EPC: cholesterol: gangliosides

20:20:4

Anti-rat erythrocyte F(ab’)2

[165]

–

EPC: cholesterol

1:1

Tuftsin derivatives

[166]

Chloroquine

EPC: cholesterol: gangliosides

20:20:4

Anti-mouse erythrocyte F(ab’)2

[167]

Chloroquine

PC: PS: cholesterol

PC: PS: cholesterol: MPB-PE

9.5:1:10

9.5:1:10:0.5

Anti-mouse erythrocyte F(ab’)2

[168,169,170]

Chloroquine

EPC: cholesterol: gangliosides

20:20:4

Anti-mouse erythrocyte F(ab’)2

[171]

Chloroquine

EPC: cholesterol: gangliosides

20:20:4

MAbF10

MAbD2

[140]

–

Lipid

 di22: 1-PC(1,2-dieucoyl-sn-3-PC),

Lipid-PEG-conjugate

 di22: 1-PE-PEG5000(1,2-dierucoyl-sn-3-(PEG5000)-PE,

Lipid-PEG-peptide-conjugate

 di22: 1-AP-PEG3400-peptide(1,2-dierucoyl-sn-3-(PEG3400-succinyl-peptide)-aminopropane,

Fluorescent lipid

 di22: 1-AP-Bodipy-TR-X(1,2-dierucoyl-sn-3-(Bodipy-TR-X)-aminopropane)

82:10:4:4b

87:7:2:4

91:4:1:4

86:10:4:0

19-Aminopeptide from the CSP of P. berghei

[172,173,174]

Chloroquine

Fluorescent probe pyranine

655 ITK® carboxyl quantum dots

DOPC: cholesterol

DOPC: cholesterol: MPB-PE

80:20

77.5:20:2.5

80:20

BM1234

[175]

Chloroquine

Fosmidomycin

DOPC: cholesterol

DOPC: cholesterol: MPB-PE

80:20

77.5:20:2.5

BM1234

[176]

Chloroquine

DOPC: cholesterol

DSPC: cholesterol

DOPC: cholesterol: DSPE-PEG-Mal

DSPC: cholesterol: DSPE-PEG-Mal

DOPC: cholesterol: MPB-PE

80:20

90:10

75:20:5

85:10:5

65:20:15

Anti-MAHRP121-40

Anti-HRP2

Anti-GPA

[177]

–

DSP: cholesterol: DSPE-mPEG

2:1:0.1

PSP

[24]

Lumefantrine

DSPC: cholesterol: DSPE-mPEG2000

85:10:5

NTS-DBL1α N-terminal domain of a rosetting PfEMP1

[178]

Chloroquine, 7c, 7d (4-aminoquinoline compounds)

Primaquine

Quinine, BCN-01, BCN-02 (aminoalcohol compounds)

Tafenoquine

DSPC: cholesterol: DSPE-PEG2000-Mal

DOPC: cholesterol: DSPE-PEG2000-Mal

85:10:5

Mouse monoclonal IgG2b anti-human GPA (SM3141P)

Rat monoclonal IgG2b anti-mouse TER-119 (AM31858PU-N)

[179]

Primaquine

DOPC: PE: cholesterol: DOTAP

46:30:20:4

Heparin

[180]

Pyronaridine + Atovaquone

DOPC: cholesterol: DSPE-PEG2000

POPC: cholesterol: DSPE-PEG2000

DSPC: cholesterol: DSPE-PEG2000

75:20:5

Anti-GPA

[181]

Poupartone B

DOPC: cholesterol: DOTAP

76:20:4

Heparin

[182]

  1. aUnless otherwise indicated, the ratio is expressed in molar
  2. bThe value corresponds to the molar ratio of lipid, lipid-PEG-conjugate, lipid-PEG-peptide conjugate and fluorescent lipid, respectively