Antiplasmodial, antimalarial activities and toxicity of African medicinal plants: a systematic review of literature

Tajbakhsh, Elahe; Kwenti, Tebit Emmanuel; Kheyri, Parya; Nezaratizade, Saeed; Lindsay, David S.; Khamesipour, Faham

doi:10.1186/s12936-021-03866-0

Table 1 In vitro antiplasmodial activity of African medicinal plants

From: Antiplasmodial, antimalarial activities and toxicity of African medicinal plants: a systematic review of literature

Plant species	Plant family	Source	Country of study	Part of plant used	Extraction solvent	Antiplasmodial Activity	IC₅₀ or ED₅₀ or LD₅₀	Strain of Plasmodium Tested	Toxicity (value; assay)
Dicoma anomala subsp. Gerrardii	Compositae	[19]	South Africa	Whole plant	Methanol, Water, Hexane, Dichloromethane	Very good^a	1.865 µM IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, D10	Nd
Abutilon grandiflorum	Malvaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Roots	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Acacia mellifera	Fabaceae	[21]	Kenya	Inner Barks	Methanol	Very Good	4.48 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6	No
Acacia nilotica	Fabaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	13 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Acacia nilotica	Fabaceae	[23]	Sudan	Seeds	Methanol	Very Good	0.9–4.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, Dd2	No
Acacia polyacantha	Fabaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Root Barkss	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	13 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Acacia tortilis	Fabaceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Moderate	13.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Acacia tortilis	Fabaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	4.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Acacia xanthoploea	Fabaceae	[25]	South Africa	Stem Barks	Acetone	Moderate	10.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum UP1 (CQ-R)	Nd
Acacia xanthoploea	Fabaceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Moderate	17.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Acacia mellifera	Fabaceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Moderate	12.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Amorpha fruticosa	Euphorbiaceae	[26]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	13.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Acampe pachyglossa	Orchidaceae	[20]	Kenya	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	11 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Acanthospermum hispidum DC	Compositae	[27]	Burkina Faso	Stems, Leaves	Crude Alkaloid	Good	4–10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
		[28]	Ivory Coast	Stems and Leaves	Ethanol	Moderate	13.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1/Colombia Strain	Nd
		[29]	Republic of Congo	Leaves	Methanolic, Ethanol	Very Good	2.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	No
Achyranthes aspera	Amaranthaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	9.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Acmella caulirhiza	Compositae	[30]	Kenya	Whole plant	Dichloromethane	Good	5.201–9.939 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2, D6	Nd
Acridocarpus chloropterus	Malpighiaceae	[31]	Tanzania	Roots	Dichloromethane	Good	5.06 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Achyranthes aspera	Amaranthaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Root barks	Ethyl Acetate	Very Good	3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Adansonia digitata	Malvaceae	[20]	Kenya	Stem barks	Ethyl Acetate	Good	8.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Adenia cissampeloides	Passifloraceae	[32]	Ghana	Whole plant	Ethanol	Good	8.521 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Nd
Adhatoda latibracteata	Acanthaceae	[33]	Gabon	Stems	Dichloromethane	Very Good	0.7–1.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcbm W2	No
Aerva javanica	Amaranthaceae	[34]	Sudan	Whole plant	Petroleum Ether/Chloroform	Very Good	< 5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Aerva lanata	Amaranthaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Whole plant	Ethyl Acetate	Good	8.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Aframomum giganteum	Zingiberaceae	[33]	Gabon	Stems	Dichloromethane	Moderate	8.3–13.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcbm W2	No
Agathosma apiculata	Rutaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	5.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Ageratum conyzoides	Compositae	[24]	Kenya	Whole plant	Methanol	Moderate	11.5–12.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Ageratum conyzoides	Compositae	[30]	Kenya	Whole plant	Dichloromethane	Very Good	2.15–3.444 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2, D6	Nd
Ajuga remota	Lamiaceae	[35]	Kenya	Ns	Ns	Good^a	8.2 µM IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCA 20/GHA	No
Ajuga remota	Lamiaceae	[35]	Kenya	Aerial parts	Chloroform	Good	8.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCA 20/GHA	No
Alafia barteri	Apocynaceae	[36]	Nigeria	Leaves	Water	Very Good	1.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Albizia coriaria	Fabaceae	[30]	Kenya	Stem barks	Dichloromethane	Good	6.798–10.679 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2, D6	Nd
Albizia coriaria	Fabaceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem barks	Methanol	Moderate	15.2–16.8 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Albizia gummifera	Fabaceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem barks	Methanol	Good	6.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Albizia gummifera	Fabaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Stem barks	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	15 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Albizia versicolor Welw.ex Oliv	Fabaceae	[37]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very Good	2.12 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Alchornea cordifolia	Euphorbiaceae	[38]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Ethanol	Very Good^a	0.2–0.5 μM IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcm29 Cameroon And Nigerian Strain	No
		[39]	Ivory Coast	Stems, leaves	Water, Ethanol, Pentane	Very Good	2.43–4.56 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcm29, Fcb1, Plasmodium falciparum CQ-S (Nigerian)	No
		[40]	D.R.Congo	Leaves	Water	Very Good	4.84 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Alepidea amatymbica	Apiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	12.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Aloe marlothii	Xanthorrhoeaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane	Very Good	3.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Aloe ferox	Xanthorrhoeaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Aloe maculata	Xanthorrhoeaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	12.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Aloe pulcherrima	Xanthorrhoeaceae	[41]	Ethiopia	Roots	N-Hexane, Chloroform, Acetone Ans Methanol	Moderate^a	18.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodiumfalciparum	Nd
Aloe secundiflora	Xanthorrhoeaceae	[24]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	15.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Alstonia boonei	Apocynaceae	[42]	Nigeria	Stem barks	Ethanol	Nd	nd	Plasmodium beghei NK-65	No
Alstonia boonei	Apocynaceae	[43]	Ivory Coast	Stem barks	Ethanol	Moderate	12.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
Alstonia congensis	Apocynaceae	[44]	D.R. Congo	Leaves, Root Barks, Stem Barks	Water, Methanol	Very Good	2—5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Ampelocissus africana	Vitaceae	[20]	Kenya	Whole plant	Ethyl Acetate	Good	9.0 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Andrographis peniculata	Acanthaceae	[45]	Cambodia	Whole plant	Dichloromethane	Moderate	12.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Annickia kummeriae	Annonaceae	[31]	Tanzania	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	0.12 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Anisopappus chinensis	Compositae	[46]	D.R. Congo	Whole plant	Methanolic and dichloromethane	Good	6.53 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum (3D7, W2), Plasmodium berghei berghei	No
Annona reticulata	Annonaceae	[47]	Cameroon	Roots	Ethanol	Very good	1.90 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	No
Annona muricata	Annonaceae	[48]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Pentane	Moderate	8–18 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCM29, Plasmodium falciparum CQ-S (Nigerian)	Nd
		[49]	Cameroon	Leaves	Hexane	Very Good	2.03 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
		[47]	Cameroon	Stem barks	Ethanol	Very Good	1.45 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	No
Anogeissus leiocarpus	Combretaceae	[50]	Nigeria	Ns	Methanol, Water, Butanol, Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	10.94–13.77 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, K1	Yes (SI = 121; mouse [NBMH])
Anogeissus leiocarpus	Combretaceae	[51]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Methylene Chloride	Very Good	3.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Anonidium mannii	Annonaceae	[49]	Cameroon	Twigs	Methanol	Very Good	2.04 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Ansellia africana	Orchidaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg	Gentianaceae	[37]	South Africa	Stem barks	Dichloromethane	Good	8.69 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Anthocleista nobilis	Gentianaceae	[52]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Moderate	10 µg/ml	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Anthocleista vogelii	Gentianaceae	[53]	Nigeria	Roots	Petroleum Ether	Good	9.50 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Arenga engleri	Arecaceae	[25]	South Africa	Stem barks	Dichloromethane	Very Good	1.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum UP1 (CQ-R)	Yes (ID₅₀ = 35 µg/ml; Monkey kidney cells)
Artabotrys monteiroae	Annonaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	8.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Artemisia afra	Asteraceae	[54]	Zimbabwe	Leaves	Petrolether/Ethylacetate	Moderate	8.9–15.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Pow, Dd2	Nd
		[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Good	5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
		[24]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Good	3.9–9.1 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Artemisia annua L	Asteraceae	[24]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Good	4.7–5.5 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Artocarpus communis	Moraceae	[55]	Cameroon	Stems, Leaves	Ethanol, Water, Dichloromethane, Methanol, Hexane	Very Good	0.67–8.20 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Asparagus virgatus	Asparagaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Aspilia africana	Asteraceae	[56]	Uganda	Shoots	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	9.3–11.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10, K1	Nd
Aspilia pruliseta	Compositae	[24]	Kenya	Root BARKS	Methanol	Good	6.8–9.7 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Asystasia gangetica	Acanthaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	16 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Azadirachta indica	Meliaceae	[57]	Ivory Coast	Stems, leaves	Water	Very Good	2.35–6.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1 & F32	Nd
		[45]	Cambodia	Barks	Dichloromethane	Very Good	4.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
		[58]	Sudan	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	1.7–5.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, Dd5	Nd
		[59]	Togo	Leaves	Ethanol	Very Good	2.48–2.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2, D6	Nd
Azanza garckeana	Malvaceae	[60]	Malawi	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Moderate	11·79 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum, Vl/S	Nd
Balanites aegyptiaca	Zygophyllaceae	[24]	Kenya	Root barks	Methanol	Good	8.9 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Balanites aegyptiaca	Zygophyllaceae	[21]	Kenya	Root barks	Methanol	Very good	3.49 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6	No
Balanites maughamii	Zygophyllaceae	[25]	South Africa	Stem barks	Dichloromethane	Very good	1.94 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum UP1 (CQ-R)	Nd
Barringtonia racemosa	Lecythidaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	5.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Berberis holstii	Berberidaceae	[61]	Malawi	Roots	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very good	0.17 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Nd
Berberis holstii	Berberidaceae	[24]	Kenya	Root barks	Methanol	Very Good	< 5 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Bergia suffruticosa	Elatinaceae	[62]	Burkina Faso	Whole plant	Dichloromethane	Moderate	19.53 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & W2	Nd
Berula erecta	Apiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	6.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
		[24]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Good	9.9 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
		[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Methanol	Good	5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Bidens engleri	Compositae	[63]	Senegal	Leaves	Petroleum ether	Moderate	9–18 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FcM29, FcB1, Plasmodium vinckei petteri	Yes (IC₅₀ = 10 µg/ml; Vero cells)
Bixa orellana	Bixaceae	[45]	Cambodia	Leaves	Water	Good	9.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Boscia angustifolia	Capparaceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem barks	Water	Very good	1.4–4.7 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Boscia salicifolia	Capparaceae	[26]	Kenya	Stem barks	Methanol	good	1.1–8.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Boswellia dalzielii	Burseraceae	[50]	Nigeria	Ns	Methanol, Water, Butanol, Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	14.59–15.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, K1	Yes (SI ≥ 101; Mouse [NBMH]
Boswellia dalzielii	Burseraceae	[62]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	18.85 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & W2	Nd
Bridelia micrantha	Phyllanthaceae	[26]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Moderate	14.2–19.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Bridelia mollis Hutch	Phyllanthaceae	[37]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very good	3.06 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumNF54	Nd
Brucea javanica	Simaroubaceae	[45]	Cambodia	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very good	1.0 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Bruguiera gymnorhiza	Rhizophoraceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	11.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Burchellia bubalina	Rubiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	18 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Caesalpinia bonducella	Fabaceae	[64]	Nigeria	Aerial Parts	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	16 µg/ml EC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Yes (SI = 0.29–0.69; mouse mammary tumour [FM3A])
Canthium setosum	Rubiaceae	[65]	Benin	Aerial Parts	Methylene Chloride	Very good	2.77–4.80 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & K1	Nd
Capparis tomentosa Lam	Capparaceae	[37]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very good	2.19 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Cardiospermum halicacabum	Sapindaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	20 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Carica papaya	Caricaceae	[66]	Nigeria	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Very good	2.96 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10, DD2	No
Carissa edulis	Apocynaceae	[21]	Kenya	Root barks	Methanol	Good	6.41 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6	No
Carpolobia alba	Polygalaceae	[53]	Nigeria	Roots	Dichloromethane	Good	7.10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Cassia abbreviata	Fabaceae	[60]	Malawi	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very Good	2·88 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Vl/S	Nd
Cassia alata	Fabaceae	[67]	D.R.Congo	Leaves	Ethanol, Methanol, Petroleum Ether, Chloroform	Very Good	< 0.1—5.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium Falciparum	Nd
Senna occidentalis L	Fabaceae	[68]	Mozambique And Portugal	Roots	N-Hexane	Moderate	19.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Nd
		[26]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Moderate	18.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
		[69]	D.R. Congo	Leaves	Petroleum Ether	Very Good	1.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
		[67]	D.R. Congo	Leaves	Ethanol, Methanol, Petroleum Ether, Chloroform	Very Good	< 0.1—0.25 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Cassia siamea	Fabaceae	[70]	Togo	Leaves	Water	Good	< 7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Cassia siamea	Fabaceae	[27]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Crude Alkaloid	Good	4–10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Cassia tora	Fabaceae	[23]	Sudan	Aerial parts	Methanol	Good	3.3–5.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, Dd2	No
Catha edulis	Celastraceae	[22]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very Good	0.68 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Cedrelopsis grevei	Rutaceae	[71]	Madagascar	Leaves	Water	Moderate	17.5 mg/L IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Celtis integrifolia	Cannabaceae	[52]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Very Good	3.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodiumfalciparum	Yes (SI ≥ 0.5; HepG2 cells)
Centella asiatica	Apiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	8.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Centella asiatica	Apiaceae	[72]	Kenya	Root Barks	Dichloromethane	Moderate	14.9–15.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1, NF54	Nd
Cephalanthus natalensis	Rubiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	16.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Ceratotheca sesamoides	Pedaliaceae	[63]	Senegal	Leaves	Petroleum ether	Moderate	15–23 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FcM29, FcB1, Plasmodium vinckei petteri	Yes (IC₅₀ = 50 µg/ml; Vero cells)
Chrysophyllum perpulchrum	Sapotaceae	[43]	Ivory Coast	Stem Barks	Ethanol	Moderate	12.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumFCB1	Nd
Cinchona succirubra	Rubiaceae	[73]	S. Tome´ And Prı ´Ncipe	Barks	Petroleum Ether, Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, Methanol	Good	< 10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum3D7 And Dd2	Nd
Cinnamonum camphora	Lauraceae	[57]	Ivory Coast	Cortex	Water	Moderate	9.37–16.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumFcb1 & F32	Nd
Cissampelos mucronata	Menispermaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Roots	Ethyl Acetate	Very Good	0.38 µg/ml IC50	Plasmodium falciparumK1	Nd
Cissampelos mucronata	Menispermaceae	[26]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	4.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumD6, W2	Nd
Cissampelos pareira	Menispermaceae	[24]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	5.2–6.5 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumD6, W2	Nd
Cissampelos pareira	Menispermaceae	[74]	Kenya	Root	Methanol	Good	5.85–7.70 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumNF54, ENT30	Nd
Cissus populnea	Vitaceae	[50]	Nigeria	Ns	Methanol, Water, Butanol, Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	15.81–19.91 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum3D7, K1	Yes (SI ≥ 84, Mouse [NBMH])
Citropsis articulata	Rutaceae	[75]	Uganda	Root Barks	Ethyl Acetate	Nd	nd	Plasmodium falciparumFcb1	Nd
Clausena anisota	Rutaceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Good	8.4–9.2 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumD6, W2	Nd
Clausena anisota	Rutaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	18 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumD10	Nd
Clematis brachiata Thunb	Ranunculaceae	[37]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Good	5.36 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumNF54	Nd
Clematis brachiata Thunb	Ranunculaceae	[21]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Very Good	4.15 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumD6	No
Clerodendrum eriophyllum	Lamiaceae	[72]	Kenya	Root Barks	Dichloromethane	Very Good	2.7–5.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumK1, NF54	Nd
Clerodendrum eriophyllum	Lamiaceae	[24]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	< 1.8–3.9 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumD6, W2	Nd
Clerodendrum glabrum E. Mey	Lamiaceae	[37]	South Africa	Leaves	Dicloromethane	Good	8.89 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumNF54	Nd
Clerodendrum glabrum var. glabrum	Lamiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	19 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumD10	Nd
Clerodendrum johnstonii	Lamiaceae	[24]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	8.5 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumD6, W2	Nd
Rotheca myricoides	Lamiaceae	[76]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	4.0—8.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum(K39, ENT30, NF54, V1/S)	Nd
		[26]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	4.7–8.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumD6, W2	Nd
		[20]	Tanzania	Root Barks	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	11 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumK1	Nd
		[72]	Kenya	Root Barks	Dichloromethane	Moderate	10.9–15.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumK1, NF54	Nd
Clerodendrum rotundifolium	Lamiaceae	[24]	Kenya	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Good	< 3.9–15.7 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumD6, W2	Nd
Clerodendrum rotundifolium	Lamiaceae	[77]	Uganda	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Very Good	0.03–0.21 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumNF54 & FCR3	Nd
Clutia abyssinica	Peraceae	[24]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	7.8–11.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Clutia hirsuta	Peraceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	15 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Clutia robusta	Peraceae	[24]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Good	3.4–7.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Cochlospermum planchonii	Bixaceae	[78]	Burkina Faso	Rhizomes	Methanol, Dichloromethane	Good^a	2.4–11.5 μg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Nd
Cochlospermum planchonii	Bixaceae	[51]	Ivory Coast	Roots	Methylene Chloride	Very Good	4.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Cochlospermum tinctorium	Bixaceae	[79]	Burkina Faso	Tubecles	Ns	Very Good	1–2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Cochlospermum tinctorium	Bixaceae	[79]	Burkina Faso	Tubercles	Water	Very Good	0.4–1.56 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcbl And F32	Nd
Cola caricaefolia	Malvaceae	[48]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Pentane	Moderate	11–16 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCM29, CQ-S (Nigerian)	No
Combretum collinum	Combretaceae	[52]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Very Good	0.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodiumfalciparum	Nd
Combretum micranthum	Combretaceae	[57]	Ivory Coast	Stem, Leaves	Water	Very Good	0.88–1.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1 & F32	Nd
Combretum psidioides subsp. Psilophyllum	Combretaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Root Barks	Ethyl Acetate	Good	6.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Combretum zeyheri	Combretaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	15 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Commiphora africana	Burseraceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Good	9.6–10.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Commiphora schimperi	Burseraceae	[26]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Very Good	3.9–5.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Commiphora schimperi	Burseraceae	[21]	Kenya	Inner Barks	Methanol	Very Good	4.63 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6	No
Conyza albida	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Conyza podocephala	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	6.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Conyza scabrida	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Flower	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	7.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Copaifera religiosa	Fabaceae	[33]	Gabon	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Moderate	8.5–13.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB, 3D7	Yes (CC₅₀ = 4.87 µg/ml; human embryonic lung cells [MRC-5])
Cordia myxa	Boraginaceae	[52]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Good	6.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodiumfalciparum	Yes (SI = 0.5–0.9; HrpG2 cells)
Coula edulis	Olacaceae	[80]	Cameroon	Stem Barks	Methanol	Good	5.79–13.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, DD2	No
Crossopteryx febrifuga	Rubiaceae	[27]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Crude Alkaloid	Good	4–10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Crotalaria burkeana	Fabaceae	[22]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Good	9.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Croton gratissimus var. subgratissimus	Euphorbiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Very Good	3.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Croton lobatus	Euphorbiaceae	[65]	Benin	Roots	Methanol	Good	2.80–6.56 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & K1	Nd
Croton macrostachyus	Euphorbiaceae	[30]	Kenya	Leaves, Stems	Dichloromethane	Very Good	2.72 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2, D6	Nd
Croton menghartii	Euphorbiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	1.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Croton pseudopulchellus	Euphorbiaceae	[25]	South Africa	Stem Barks	Chloroform	Very Good	3.45 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum UP1 (CQ-R)	Nd
Croton zambesicus	Euphorbiaceae	[55]	Cameroon	Stem Barks	Ethanol, Water, Dichloromethane, Methanol, Hexane	Good	0.88–9.14 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Croton zambesicus	Euphorbiaceae	[34]	Sudan	Fruits	Petroleum Ether/Chloroform	Very Good	< 5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Cryptolepis sanguinolenta	Apocynaceae	[81]	Guinea-Bissau	Leaves, Roots	Ethanol, Chcl3, Chloroform	Very Good	1.79 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1, T996	Nd
		[82]	Ghana	Roots	Ethanol	Very good^a	0.031 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1, Plasmodium berghei	Nd
		[83]	D.R. Congo	Root barks	Water, ethanol, chloroform	Very good	27–41 ng/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, K1, W2, Plasmodium berghei yoelii, Plasmodium berghei berghei	Nd
		[84]	Ghana	Roots	Hexane, ethanol, dichloromethane	Very good^a	0.2–0.6 μM IC₅₀	Plasmodium vinckei petteri, Plasmodium berghei ANKA	Nd
Cussonia spicata Thunb	Araliaceae	[22]	South Africa	Fruits	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	14 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Cussonia spicata Thunb	Araliaceae	[37]	South Africa	Root Barks	Dichloromethane	Very Good	3.25 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Cussonia zimmermannii	Araliaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Root Barks	Petroleum Ether	Very Good	3.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Cuviera longiflora	Rubiaceae	[80]	Cameroon	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	13.91–20.24 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, DD2	No
Cyathala prostate	Amaranthaceae	[43]	Ivory Coast	Whole Plant	Ethanol	Moderate	12.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
Cyathula schimperiana	Amaranthaceae	[24]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Moderate	5–17.6 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Cymbopogon validus	Poaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	5.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Cyperus articulatus	Cyperaceae	[24]	Kenya	Tubers	Methanol	Good	4.8–8.7 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Cyperus articulatus	Cyperaceae	[74]	Kenya	Rhizomes	Methanol	Good	4.84–8.68 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54, ENT30	Nd
Cyphostemma spp	Vitaceae	[86]	Namibia	Whole Plant	Methanol	Very Good	3.276 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Nd
Dacryodes edulis	Burseraceae	[80]	Cameroon	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	6.45–8.62 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, DD2	No
Dacryodes edulis	Burseraceae	[85]	Cameroon	Root Barks	Methylene Chloride/Methanol	Very Good	0.37 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodiumfalciparum	No
Dichapetalum guineense	Dichapetalaceae	[65]	Benin	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	7.35- > 20 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & K1	Nd
Dichrostachys cinerea Wight et Arn	Fabaceae	[37]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very Good	2.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Dicoma tomentosa	Asteraceae	[62]	Burkina Faso	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane, Methanol	Good	7.04–7.90 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & W2	Nd
Dicoma tomentosa	Asteraceae	[87]	Burkina Faso	Whole plant	Dichloromethane	Very Good	1.9–3.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium Falcipârum 3D7, W2, Plasmodium berghei	Nd
Diospyros abysinica	Ebenaceae	[75]	Uganda	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Nd	nd	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb2	Nd
Diospyros mespiliformis	Ebeneceae	[86]	Namibia	Leaves, Roots	Methanol	Very Good	3.179–3.523 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Nd
Diospyros mespiliformis	Ebeneceae	[37]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very Good	4.40 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Diospyros monbuttensis	Ebenaceae	[88]	Nigeria	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	3.2 nM	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Dombeya shupangae	Malvaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Root Barks	Ethyl Acetate	Good	7.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Dorstenia convexa	Moraceae	[56]	Cameroon	Twigs	Ethanol, Water, Dichloromethane, Methanol, Hexane	Good	0.28–8.95 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Dorstenia klaineana	Moraceae	[33]	Gabon	Stems	Methanol	Moderate	16.7–17.0 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcbm, W2	Yes (SI = 16.2–28.89; human embryonic lung cells [MRC-5])
Dracaena cambodiana	Asparagaceae	[45]	Cambodia	Stems	Dichloromethane	Good	8.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Drypetes natalensis	Putranjivaceae	[31]	Tanzania	Roots	Ethanol	Very Good	1.06 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Ekebergia capensis	Meliaceae	[22]	South Africa	Fruits	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
		[76]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Chloroform	Good	3.9—13.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K39, ENT30, NF54, V1/S	Nd
		[21]	Kenya	Inner Barks	Methanol	Very Good	3.97 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6	No
		[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Moderate	10.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Elaeis guineensis	Arecaceae	[32]	Ghana	Leaves	Ethanol	Very Good	1.195 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Nd
Elaeodendron buchananii	Celastraceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Moderate	17.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Enantia chlorantha	Annonaceae	[55]	Cameroon	Stem Barks	Ethanol, Water, Dichloromethane, Methanol, Hexane	Good	0.68–14.72 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Enantia chlorantha	Annonaceae	[40]	DR Congo	Stem Barks	Water	Good	7.77 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Yes (CC₅₀ = 3.0 µg/ml; human embryonic lung cells [MRC-5])
Entandrophragma angolense	Meliaceae	[89]	Cameroon	Stem Barks	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	18.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Entandrophragma caudatum	Meliaceae	[25]	South Africa	Stem Barks	Dichloromethane	Very Good	2.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum UP1 (CQ-R)	No
Entandrophragma palustre	Meliaceae	[46]	D.R. Congo	Stem barks	Methanol	Moderate	15.84 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2, Plasmodium berghei berghei	Nd
Erigeron floribundus	Asteraceae	[48]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Pentane	Good	4.3-10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCM29, Plasmodium falciparum CQ-S (Nigerian)	Nd
Erioglossum edule	Sapindaceae	[45]	Cambodia	Barks	Dichloromethane	Very Good	1.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Erythrina abyssinica	Fabaceae	[75]	Uganda	Barks	Ethyl Acetate	Nd	nd	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb3	Nd
Erythrina lysistemon	Fabaceae	[25]	South Africa	Stem Barks	Acetone	Very Good	4.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum UP1 (CQ-R)	Nd
Erythrina sacleuxii	Fabaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Root Barks	Ethyl Acetate	Very Good	3.0 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Erythrococca anomala	Euphorbiaceae	[43]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Ethanol	Moderate	13.1 µg/dl IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
Euclea divinorum	Ebenaceae	[24]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	6.9–12.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Euclea natalensis	Ebenaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	4.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Eucomis autumnalis	Asparagaceae	[22]	South Africa	Bulbs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	9.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Euphorbia hirta	Euphorbiaceae	[90]	D.R. Congo	Aerial Parts	Methanol, Hexane: Ethyl Acetate	Good^a	1.1—5.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	No
Euphorbia hirta	Euphorbiaceae	[70]	D.R. Congo	Whole Plant	Petroleum Ether	Very Good	1.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Euphorbia tirucalli	Euphorbiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Moderate	12 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Fadogia agrestis	Rubiaceae	[27]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Crude Alkaloid	Good	4–10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Fagara macrophylla	Rutaceae	[28]	Ivory Coast	Stem Barks	Ethanol	Very Good	2.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1/Colombia Strain	No
Fagaropsis angolensis	Rutaceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Good	4.2–6.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Fagraea fragrans	Gentianaceae	[45]	Cambodia	Stems	Dichloromethane	Moderate	12.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Ficus capraefolia	Moraceae	[52]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Very Good	1.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Yes (SI = 0.4; HepG2 cells)
Ficus platyhylla	Moraceae	[50]	Nigeria	Ns	Methanol, Water, Butanol, Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	13.77–15.28 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, K1	Yes (SI ≥ 77; mouse [NBMH])
Ficus sur	Moraceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Moderate	8.5–15.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Ficus sur	Moraceae	[76]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Chloroform, Hexane	Moderate	9.0–19.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K39 (CQ-S), ENT30, NF54, V1/S	Nd
Ficus thonningii	Moraceae	[29]	Republic Of Congo	Leaves	Methanol, Ethanol	Good	9.61 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	No
Ficus thonningii	Moraceae	[50]	Nigeria	Ns	Methanol, Water, Butanol, Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	14.09–25.06 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, K1	Yes (SI ≥ 103; mouse [NBMH])
Ficus sycomorus	Moraceae	[27]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Crude Alkaloid	Good	4–10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Flueggea virosa	Phyllanthaceae	[91]	Comoros	Leaves	Water/Methanol	Very Good	2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	No
		[26]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Very Good	2.2–3.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
		[22]	South Africa	Leaves, Twigs	Water	Moderate	11.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Fuerstia africana	Lamiaceae	[92]	Rwanda	Leaves, Stems	Methanol	Good	4.1–6.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2	Yes (SI = 1.9; human normal foetal lung fibroblast [WI-38)
		[21]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	3.76 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6	No
		[24]	Kenya	Whole Plant	Methanol	Very Good	0.9–2.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Funtumia elastica	Apocynaceae	[43]	Ivory Coast	Stem Barks	Ethanol	Very Good	3.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
Funtumia elastica	Apocynaceae	[28]	Ivory Coast	Stem Barks	Ethanol	Very Good	3.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1/Colombia Strain	No
Funtumia latifolia	Apocynaceae	[75]	Uganda	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Nd	nd	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb4	Nd
Garcinia kola	Clusiaceae	[67]	D.R. Congo	Seeds	Ethanol, Methanol, Petroleum Ether, Chloroform	Good	1.02—15.75 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Garcinia kola	Clusiaceae	[69]	D.R. Congo	Stem Barks	Petroleum Ether	Very Good	1.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Gardenia lutea	Rubiaceae	[23]	Sudan	Leaves	Methanol	Good	3.3–5.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, Dd2	No
Gardenia sokotensis	Rubiaceae	[62]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Moderate	14.01 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & W2	Nd
Glinus oppositifolius	Molluginaceae	[93]	Mali	Aerial parts	Chloroform	Moderate	15.52–18.70 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2 & 3D7	No
Gloriosa superba	Colchicaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	17 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Gnidia cuneata	Thymelaeaceae	[22]	South Africa	Stems	Dichloromethane	Moderate	15.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Gnidia kraussiana var. kraussiana	Thymelaeaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves, Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	10.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Gomphrena celosioides	Amaranthaceae	[65]	Benin	Aerial Parts	Methanol	Good	4.26–14.97 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & K1	Nd
		[70]	Togo	Aerial Parts	Water	Moderate	< 15 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
		[20]	Tanzania	Whole plant	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	15 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Guiera senegalensis	Combretaceae	[57]	Ivory Coast	Stem, Leave	Water	Good	0.79–7.03 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1 & F32	Nd
Guiera senegalensis	Combretaceae	[94]	Mali	Roots	Chloroform	Very Good^a	< 4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Gutenbergia cordifolia	Asteraceae	[21]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	4.40 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6	No
Gynandropsis gynandra	Cleomaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Roots	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	14 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
H. suaveolens	Lamiaceae	[53]	Nigeria	Leaves	Petroleum Ether	Very Good	2.54 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Haplophyllum tuberculatum	Rutaceae	[23]	Sudan	Aerial Parts	Methanol	Very Good	1.2–1.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, Dd2	No
Harrisonia abyssinica	Rutaceae	[58]	Sudan	Stem Barks	Methanol	Good	4.7–10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, Dd3	Nd
		[72]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Dichloromethane	Good	4.4–5.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1, NF54	Nd
		[26]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	7.8–11.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
		[95]	Kenya	Barks/Roots/Stem	Water	Very Good	1.0 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium Knowlesi	Nd
Harrisonia perforata	Rutaceae	[45]	Cambodia	StemS	Dichloromethane	Good	6.0 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Harungana madagascariensis	Hypericaceae	[40]	D.R.Congo	Stem Barks	Water	Good	9.64 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Harungana madagascariensis	Hypericaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Roots	Ethyl Acetate	Very Good	4.0 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Helichrysum gymnocephalum	Asteraceae	[96]	Madagascar	Leaves	Essential Oil	In Active	25 mg/l	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1	Nd
Helichrysum cymosum	Asteraceae	[97]	South Africa	Leaves	Water, Essential Oil	Very Good^a	1.25 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3	Yes
Helichrysum nudifolium	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	6.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Hermannia depressa	Malvaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	6.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Hexalobus crispiflorus	Annonaceae	[98]	Cameroon	Stem Barks	Water	Very Good^a	2.0 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W6	Nd
Hippobromus pauciflorus	Sapindaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	5.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Holarrhena floribunda	Apocynaceae	[99]	Cameroon	Stem Barkss	Water, Ethanol	Good	1.02 − 18.53 μg/mL IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2,D6, FCR-3, 3D7	Nd
Hoslundia opposita	Lamiaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Root Barks	Petroleum Ether	Moderate	10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
		[26]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	15.2–25.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
		[75]	Uganda	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Nd	nd	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb5	Nd
Hunteria eburnea	Apocynaceae	[43]	Ivory Coast	Stem Barks	Ethanol	Very Good	2.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
Hybanthus enneaspermus	Violaceae	[65]	Benin	Aerial Parts	Methanol	Moderate	2.57- > 20 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & K1	Nd
Hymenocardia acida	Phyllanthaceae	[51]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Methylene Chloride	Good	6.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Yes (SI = 6–10; rat skeletal muscle myoblast [L6])
Hypericum aethiopicum	Hypericaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves/Flowers	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	1.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Hypericum lanceolatum	Hypericaceae	[80]	Cameroon	Stem Barks	Methanol, N-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, N-Butanol	Very Good	3.98 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2, SHF4	Nd
Hypoestes forskaolii	Acanthaceae	[24]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	4.3–6.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Hyptis pectinata	Lamiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves, Stem, Flower	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	17.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Icacina senegalensis	Icacinaceae	[100]	Senegal	Leaves	Methanol	Good	4.7–8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, 7G8	No
Isolona hexaloba	Annonaceae	[40]	D.R. Congo	Root Barks	Water	Moderate	15.28 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Khaya grandifoliola	Meliaceae	[101]	Cameroon	Barks, Seeds	Methanol-Methylene Chloride	Good^a	1.25—9.63 μg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Khaya senegalensis	Meliaceae	[50]	Nigeria	Ns	Methanol, Water, Butanol, Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	15.46–28.12 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, K1	Yes (SI ≥ 69; mouse [NBMH])
Kigelia africana	Bignoniaceae	[24]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	15.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Kigelia africana	Bignoniaceae	[80]	Cameroon	Stem Barks	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	11.15 μg/mL IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	No
Kirkia wilmsii	Kirkiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	3.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Kniphofia foliosa	Xanthorrhoeaceae	[102]	Ethiopia	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very Good	3.8 µg/mL ED₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	No
Landolphia lanceolata	Apocynaceae	[103]	Congo Brazzaville	Roots	Dichloromethane	Moderate	11 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcm29-Cameroon	Nd
Lannea edulis	Anacardiaceae	[20]	Kenya	Whole Plant	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	17 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Lantana camara	Verbenaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves, Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	11 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Leonotis mollissima	Lamiaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Good	9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Leonotis africana	Lamiaceae	[33]	Gabon	Stems	Dichloromethane	Moderate	15.2–27.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcbm W2	Yes (SI = 6.07–6.82; human embryonic lung cells [MRC-5])
Leonotis leonurus	Lamiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves, Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	5.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Leonotis nepetifolia	Lamiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	15 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Leonotis ocymifolia	Lamiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	6.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Leptadenia madagascariensis	Apocynaceae	[91]	Comoros	Ns	Dichloromethane	Good	9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	No
Leucas calostachys	Lamiaceae	[95]	Kenya	Whole Plant	Water	Very Good	0.79 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium Knowlesi	Nd
Leucas martinicensis	Lamiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	13.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Lippia javanica	Verbenaceae	[24]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	5.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
		[104]	Kenya	Roots	Dichloromethane/Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	16.7—19.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K39, V1/S	Nd
		[22]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very Good	3.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
		[25]	South Africa	Leaves	Acetone	Very Good	4.26 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum UP1 (CQ-R)	Nd
Lippia multiflora	Verbenaceae	[57]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Water	Very Good	1.18—2.34 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1 & F32	Nd
Lophira lanceolata	Ochnaceae	[52]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Very Good	4.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Ludwigia erecta	Onagraceae	[24]	Kenya	Whole plant	Methanol	Very Good	0.9–1.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Macrostylis squarrosa	Rutaceae	[22]	South Africa	Stems	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	16 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Maesa lanceolata	Primulaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	5.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Markhamia lutea	Bignognaceae	[76]	Uganda	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Nd	Nd	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb6	Nd
Maytenus heterophylla	Celastraceae	[24]	Kenya	Root barks	Methanol	Very Good	1.8–3.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Maytenus obtusifolia	Celastraceae	[24]	Kenya	Root barks	Methanol	Good	< 1.9–5.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Maytenus putterlickioides	Celastraceae	[26]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	4.4–10.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Maytenus senegalensis	Celastraceae	[58]	Sudan	Stem barks	Methanol	Nd	3.9–10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, Dd9	Nd
		[26]	Kenya	Root barks	Methanol	Good	4.7–9.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
		[22]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Moderate	15.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
		[20]	Tanzania	Stem barks	Ethyl Acetate	Very Good	0.16 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
		[31]	Tanzania	Roots	Ethanol	Very Good	2.05 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Maytenus undata	Celastraceae	[26]	Kenya	Leaves	Water	Very Good	0.95–1.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Melia azedarach	Meliaceae	[46]	D.R. Congo	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Moderate	19.14 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2, Plasmodium berghei berghei	Nd
Microdesmis keayana	Pandaceae	[51]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Methylene Chloride	Moderate	12.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Microglossa pyrifolia	Asteraceae	[24]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	10.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
		[77]	Uganda	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Very Good	0.03–0.05 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54 & FCR3	Nd
		[92]	Rwanda	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Very Good	1.5–2.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2	Yes (SI = 3.2; human normal foetal lungfibroblast [WI-38])
Mikania cordata	Compositae	[20]	Tanzania	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	14 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Millettia zechiana	Fabaceae	[28]	Ivory Coast	Stem Barks	Ethanol	Moderate	16.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1/Colombia Strain	Nd
Millettia zechiana	Fabaceae	[43]	Ivory Coast	Stem Barks	Ethanol	Moderate	14.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
Momordica balsamina	Cucurbitaceae	[22]	South Africa	Stems	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	5.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Momordica balsamina	Cucurbitaceae	[68]	Mozambique	Aerial Parts	Ns	Very Good^a	1 μM	Plasmodium berghei, Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Momordica charantia	Cucurbitaceae	[88]	Nigeria	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	12.5 nM	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Momordica foetida	Cucurbitaceae	[77]	Uganda	Leaves	Water	Good	0.35–6.16 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54 & FCR3	Nd
Monodora myristica	Annonaceae	[33]	Gabon	Stem	Methanol	Good	5.5–6.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcbm W2	No
Monodora myristica	Annonaceae	[49]	Cameroon	Leaves	Methanol	Good	9.03 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Morinda lucida	Rubiaceae	[74]	S. Tome´ And Prı ´Ncipe	Barks	Ethanol	Good	< 10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and Dd2	Nd
		[88]	Nigeria	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	25 nM	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
		[53]	Nigeria	Roots	Dichloromethane	Moderate	13.37 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Morinda morindoides	Rubiaceae	[43]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Ethanol	Good	9.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
Morinda morindoides	Rubiaceae	[28]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Ethanol	Moderate	11.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1/Colombia Strain	Nd
Moringa oleifera	Moringaceae	[26]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	9.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Motandra guineensis	Apocynaceae	[43]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Ethanol	Moderate	16.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
Mundulea sericea	Fabaceae	[86]	Namibia	Leaves, Shoots	Methanol	Very Good	3.279–3.352 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Nd
Mitragyna inermis	Rubiaceae	[93]	Mali	Leaves	Chloroform	Very Good	4.36–4.82 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2 & 3D7	No
Nauclea latifolia	Rubiaceae	[93]	Mali	Barks	Chloroform	Good	5.36–6.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2 & 3D7	Yes (IC₅₀ = 50 µg/ml; BALB/C mouse)
		[28]	Ivory Coast	Barks	Ethanol	Good	8.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1/Colombia Strain	No
		[106]	Ivory Coast	Roots, Stem	Water	Good	0.6–7.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1- Colombian And Nigerian Strains	Nd
		[43]	Ivory Coast	Root Barks	Ethanol	Good	7.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
Nauclea pobeguinii	Rubiaceae	[107]	D.R.Congo	Stem Barks	Ethanol	In Active	32 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium yeolii, Plasmodium berghei	No
Neoboutonia glabrescens	Euphorbiaceae	[55]	Cameroon	Leaves	Ethanol, Water, Dichloromethane, Methanol, Hexane	Good	7.56 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Neorautanenia mitis	Fabaceae	[31]	Tanzania	Tubers	Ethanol	Very Good	1.58 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Newbouldia laevis	Bignognaceae	[108]	Togo	Leaves	Ethanol	Moderate	12.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
		[109]	Nigeria	Leaves	Water	Moderate	19.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
		[53]	Nigeria	Roots	Dichloromethane	Good	5.00 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Ocimum americana	Lamiaceae	[24]	Kenya	Whole Plant	Methanol	Moderate	8.9–12.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Ocimum americana	Lamiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	4.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Ocimum basilicum	Lamiaceae	[159]	D.R. Congo	Leaves	Ethanol, Methanol, Petroleum Ether, Chloroform	Good	< 0.35–18 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Ocimum basilicum	Lamiaceae	[26]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	16.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Ocimum gratissimum	Lamiaceae	[30]	Kenya	Leaves, Twigs	Dichloromethane	Good	8.616 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2, D6	Nd
		[40]	DR Congo	Leaves	Water	Good	7.25 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
		[26]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Good	5.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Ocimum kilimandscharicum	Lamiaceae	[30]	Kenya	Leaves, Twigs	Dichloromethane	Very Good	0.843–1.547 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2, D6	Nd
Olax gambecola	Olacaceae	[43]	Ivory Coast	Whole Plant	Ethanol	Good	5.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
Olea europaea	Oleaceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Moderate	17.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
		[21]	Kenya	Inner Barks	Methanol	Good	9.48 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6	No
		[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	12 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Opilia celtidifolia	Opiliaceae	[52]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Very Good	2.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Yes (SI = 0.4; HepG2 cells)
Ormocarpum trachycarpum	Fabaceae	[77]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Dichloromethane/Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	17.5—19.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K39, V1/S	Nd
Osteospermum imbricatum	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Stems	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	7.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Phyllanthus amarus	Phyllanthaceae	[53]	Nigeria	Leaves	Petroleum Ether	Very Good	4.99 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Pachypodanthium confine	Annonaceae	[98]	Cameroon	Stem Barks	Water	Moderate^a	16.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W3	Nd
Pappea capensis Eckl.& Zeyh	Sapindaceae	[37]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane	Good	5.47 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Parinari curatellifolia	Chrysobalanaceae	[22]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Good	5.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
		[24]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	3.9–7.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
		[37]	South Africa	Stem Barks	Dichloromethane	Good	6.99 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Parinari excelsa	Chrysobalanaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Stem Barks	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Parinari excelsa	Chrysobalanaceae	[75]	Uganda	Barks	Ethyl Acetate	Nd	Nd	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb7	Nd
Parkinsonia aculeata	Fabaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Pavetta corymbosa	Rubiaceae	[65]	Benin	Aerial parts	Methanol	Moderate	5.54–20 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & K1	Nd
		[110]	Togo	Aerial parts	Methanol	Very Good	2.042 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
		[110]	Togo	Aerial part	Methanol	Very Good	2.042 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Pavetta crassipes	Rubiaceae	[27]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Crude Alkaloid	Very Good	< 4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Pavetta crassipes	Rubiaceae	[71]	Togo	Aerial parts	Water	Good	< 7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Pelargonium alchemilloides	Geraniaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	15 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Pentas lanceolata	Rubiaceae	[21]	Kenya	Root barks	Methanol	Good	5.15 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6	No
Pentas longiflora	Rubiaceae	[26]	Kenya	Root barks	Methanol	Moderate	13.3 µg/ml IC50	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Pentzia globosa	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Good	8 µg/ml IC50	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Phyllanthus amarus	Phyllanthaceae	[111]	Ghana	Whole Plant	Ethanol	Moderate	11.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Dd2	No
Phyllanthus fraternus	Phyllanthaceae	[112]	Ghana	Whole plant	Methanol	Very Good	0.44 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2	No
Phyllanthus muellerianus	Phyllanthaceae	[28]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Ethanol	Good	9.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1/Colombia Strain	No
Phyllanthus muellerianus	Phyllanthaceae	[43]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Ethanol	Moderate	10.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
Phyllanthus niruri	Phyllanthaceae	[69]	D.R.Congo	Whole Plant	Petroleum Ether	Very Good	1.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Phyllanthus urinaria	Phyllanthaceae	[45]	Cambodia	Whole Plant	Water	Very Good	2.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Physalis angulata	Solanaceae	[28]	Ivory Coast	Whole Plant	Ethanol	Good	7.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1/Colombia Strain	Nd
		[43]	Ivory Coast	Whole Plant	Ethanol	Good	7.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
		[44]	D.R. Congo	Leaves	Methanolic and dichloromethane	Very good	1.27 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2, Plasmodium berghei berghei	No
Picralima nitida	Apocynaceae	[53]	Nigeria	Roots	Ethanol	Good	6.29 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
		[113]	Nigeria	Stems	Methanol	Good	6.0–6.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	No
		[89]	Cameroon	Seeds	Methanol	Moderate	10.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
		[114]	Ivory Coast	Root, Stem Barks Ans Fruit Rins	Ns	Very Good	0.188–1.581 μg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Piper capense	Piperaceae	[91]	Comoros	Ns	Dichloromethane	Good	7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	No
Piptadeniastrum africanum	Leguminosae	[40]	D.R. Congo	Stem Barks	Water	Good	6.11 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Yes (SI = 1.4–1.5; human embryonic lung cells [MRC-5])
Piptadeniastrum africanum	Leguminosae	[40]	D.R.Congo	Stem Barks	Water	Good	6.11 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Piptostigma calophyllum	Annonaceae	[49]	Cameroon	Leaves	Methanol	Good	6.72 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Pittosporum viridiflorum	Pittosporaceae	[24]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	17.6–18.9 µg/ml iC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Pittosporum viridiflorum	Pittosporaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane	Very Good	3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Plumbago zeylanica	Plumbaginaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Very Good	3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Podocarpus latifolius	Podocarpaceae	[21]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	6.43 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6	No
Pollichia campestris	Caryophyllaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	6.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Polyalthia longifolia	Annonaceae	[115]	Ghana	Stem Barks	Ethanol, N-Hexane,Dichloromethane, Ethyl Acetate, Methanol-Ethyl Acetate	Good^a	3–6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Polyalthia longifolia	Annonaceae	[116]	Ghana	Stem Barks	Methanol, Chloroform, Cyclohexane, Ethyl Acetate	Good^a	4.53–10.17 µM IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D8	Nd
Polyalthia oliveri	Annonaceae	[55]	Cameroon	Stem Barks	Ethanol, Water, Dichloromethane, Methanol, Hexane	Very Good	4.30 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Polyalthia oliveri	Annonaceae	[49]	Cameroon	Stem Barks	Methanol	Very Good	3.43 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Polyalthia suaveolens	Annonaceae	[49]	Cameroon	Twigs	Methanol	Very Good	3.23 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Polygonatum verticillatum	Asparagaceae	[117]	Kenya	Rhizome	N-Hexane, Chloroform	Very Good	2.33—4.62 μg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	No
Premna chrysoclada	Lamiaceae	[26]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	11.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Prosopis africana	Fabaceae	[50]	Nigeria	Ns	Methanol, Water, Butanol, Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	14.97–15.28 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, K1	Yes (SI ≥ 99; mouse heart-derived cells [NBMH])
Prunus africana	Rosaceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Moderate	17.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Pseudospondias microcarpa	Anacardiaceae	[31]	Tanzania	Roots	Ethanol	Very Good	1.13 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Psiadia punctulata	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane	Good	9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Psidium guajava	Myrtaceae	[40]	DR Congo	Leaves	Water	Good	5.46 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Psidium guajava	Myrtaceae	[20]	Tanzania	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Psorospermum senegalense	Hypericaceae	[63]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Moderate	10.03 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & W2	No
Ptaeroxylon obliquum	Rutaceae	[22]	South Africa	Stems	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	5.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Pterocarpus angolensis	Fabaceae	[22]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Moderate	10.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Pterocarpus erinaceus	Fabaceae	[118]	Burkina Faso	Leaves Ans Barks	Ethanol, Chloroform	Very Good	1.93 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 And Dd2	Nd
Pulicaria crispa	Asteraceae	[34]	Sudan	Whole Plant	Petroleum Ether/Chloroform	Very Good	< 5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Pycnanthus angolensis	Myristicaceae	[28]	Ivory Coast	Stem Barks	Ethanol	Moderate	18.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1/Colombia Strain	Nd
Pycnanthus angolensis	Myristicaceae	[74]	S. Tome´ And Prı ´Ncipe	Barks	Ethanol	Very Good	< 5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 And Dd2	Nd
Pyrenacantha grandiflora Baill	Icacinaceae	[37]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Good	5.82 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Quassia africana	Simaroubaceae	[103]	Congo Brazzaville	Leaves	Water, Ethanol, Dichloromethane	Very Good	0.1–2.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcm29-Cameroon	Yes (IC₅₀ = 6.7 µg/ml; KB cells)
Quassia africana	Simaroubaceae	[40]	D.R. Congo	Root Barks	Water	Very Good	0.46 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Ranunculus multifidus	Ranunculaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	2.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Rauvolfia caffra Sond	Apocynaceae	[37]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very Good	2.13 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Rauvolfia nombasiana	Apocynaceae	[26]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	9.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Rauvolfia vomitoria	Apocynaceae	[53]	Nigeria	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very Good	4.78 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
		[28]	Ivory Coast	Barks	Ethanol	Very Good	2.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1/Colombia Strain	No
		[43]	Ivory Coast	Root Barks	Ethanol	Very Good	2.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
Rhamnus prinoides	Rhamnaceae	[77]	Kenya	Roots	Methanol	Moderate	15.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K39 (CQ-S), ENT30, NF54, V1/S	Nd
Rhamnus prinoides	Rhamnaceae	[21]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Very Good	3.53 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6	No
Rhizophora mucronata	Rhizophoraceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	5.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Ricinus communis var. communis	Euphorbiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Stems	Water	Good	8.0 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Rubia cordifolia	Rubiaceae	[95]	Kenya	Leaves/Seeds/Stems	Methanol	Very Good	1.20 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium Knowlesi	Nd
Rubia cordifolia	Rubiaceae	[24]	Kenya	Whole Plant	Methanol	Very Good	< 5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Rumex abyssinicus	Polygonaceae	[92]	Rwanda	Roots	Water	Very Good	3.1–4.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2	Yes (SI = 3.1; human normal foetal lung fibroblast [WI-38])
Rumex crispus	Polygonaceae	[22]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Moderate	14 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Salacia madagascariensis	Celastraceae	[20]	Tanzania	Roots	Petroleum Ether	Very Good	0.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Salvia africana-lutea	Lamiaceae	[120]	South Africa	Aerial Parts	Methanol/Chloroform	Moderate	15.863 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3	Nd
Salvia albicaulis	Lamiaceae	[120]	South Africa	Aerial Parts	Methanol/Chloroform	Moderate	15.833 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3	Nd
Salvia aurita	Lamiaceae	[120]	South Africa	Aerial Parts	Methanol/Chloroform	Good	8.923 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3	Nd
Salvia chamelaeagnea	Lamiaceae	[120]	South Africa	Aerial Parts	Methanol/Chloroform	Good	8.713 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3	Nd
Salvia dolomitica	Lamiaceae	[120]	South Africa	Aerial Parts	Methanol/Chloroform	Good	7.623 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3	Nd
Salvia garipensis	Lamiaceae	[120]	South Africa	Aerial Parts	Methanol/Chloroform	Moderate	13.953 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3	Nd
Salvia muirii	Lamiaceae	[120]	South Africa	Aerial Parts	Methanol/Chloroform	Moderate	11.873 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3	Nd
Salvia radula	Lamiaceae	[120]	South Africa	Aerial Parts	Methanol/Chloroform	Very Good	3.913 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3	Yes (IC₅₀ = 20.12 µg/ml; Kidney cells)
Salvia repens	Lamiaceae	[120]	South Africa	Aerial Parts	Methanol/Chloroform	Good	8.253 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3	Nd
Salvia repens	Lamiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	10.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Salvia runcinata	Lamiaceae	[120]	South Africa	Aerial Parts	Methanol/Chloroform	Moderate	16.613 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3	Nd
Salvia schlechteri	Lamiaceae	[120]	South Africa	Aerial Parts	Methanol/Chloroform	Moderate	17.513 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3	Nd
Salvia stenophylla	Lamiaceae	[120]	South Africa	Aerial Parts	Methanol/Chloroform	Good	6.53 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCR-3	Yes (IC₅₀ = 12.12 µg/ml; Kidney cells)
Sonchus schweinfurthi	Compositae	[95]	Kenya	Barks/Roots	Methanol	Very Good	2.10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium Knowlesi	Nd
Scaevola plumieri	Goodeniaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane	Moderate	11 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Schefflera umbellifera	Araliaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	3.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Schizozygia coffaeoides	Apocynaceae	[26]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	10.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Schkuhria pinnata	Compositae	[24]	Kenya	Whole Plant	Methanol	Good	1.3–6.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparumD6, W2	Nd
Schrankia leptocarpa	Fabaceae	[65]	Benin	Aerial Parts	Methanol	Moderate	3.38- > 20 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & K1	Nd
Sclerocarya birrea	Anacardiaceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Moderate	5.9–24.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Secamone afzelii	Apocynaceae	[65]	Benin	Aerial Parts	Methanol	Moderate	6.48- > 20 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & K1	Nd
Securidaca longipedunculata	Polygalaceae	[121]	Mali	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Good	6.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Nd
Securinega virosa	Phyllanthaceae	[52]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Good	7.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Senecio oxyriifolius	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	13 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Senecio stuhlmannii	Asteraceae	[56]	Uganda	Shoots	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	14.0–15.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10, K1	Nd
Senna didymobotrya	Fabaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	9.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Senna petersiana	Fabaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	13 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Senna petersiana	Fabaceae	[59]	Malawi	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	2·67 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Vl/S	Nd
Sericocomopsis hildebrandtii	Amaranthaceae	[21]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Very Good	3.78 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6	No
Setaria megaphylla	Poaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	4.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Sida acuta	Malvaceae	[118]	Burkina Faso	Whole Plant	Ethanol, Chloroform, Water	Very Good	0.87–0.92 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 And Dd2	Nd
Sida acuta	Malvaceae	[38]	Ivory Coast	Ns	Ethanol	Good	3.9–5.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	No
Solanum panduriforme	Solanaceae	[25]	South Africa	Leaves	Acetone	Very Good	3.62 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum UP1 (CQ-R)	Nd
Solanecio mannii	Asteraceae	[92]	Rwanda	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Moderate	12.7–18.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2	No
Spilanthes mauritiana	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Stems	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	5.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Staudtia gabonensis	Myristicaceae	[33]	Gabon	Stems	Methanol	Very Good	0.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcbm W2	No
Stephania abyssinica	Menispermaceae	[24]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	4.7–6.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Stephania rotunda	Menispermaceae	[45]	Cambodia	Tubers	Dichloromethane	Very Good	1.0 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Struchium sparganophorum	Asteraceae	[73]	S. Tome´ And Prı ´Ncipe	Leaves	Petroleum Ether	Good	< 10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 And Dd2	Nd
Strychnopsis thouarsii	Menispermaceae	[122]	Madagascar	Stem Barks	Methanol	Very Good^a	3.1—4.2 µM	Plasmodium falciparum NF54, Plasmodium yoelli 265 BY	No
Strychnos henningsii	Loganiaceae	[72]	Kenya	Twigs	Methanol	Moderate	14.6–17.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1, NF54	Nd
Strychnos pungens	Loganiaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Moderate	12.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Strychnos spinosa	Loganiaceae	[123]	Senegal	Leaves, Stem	Methanol, Water	Moderate	15 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodiumfalciparum	Nd
Strychnos icaja	Loganiaceae	[46]	D.R. congo	Root barks	Methanolic and dichloromethane	Very good	0.69 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2, Plasmodium berghei berghei	Nd
Suregada zanzibariensis	Euphorbiaceae	[26]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Good	5.8–6.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
		[124]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	1.82–4.66 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6&W2	Nd
		[124]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	1.82–4.66 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	No
Syzygium cordatum subsp. cordatum	Myrtaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	14.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Syzygium cordatum subsp. cordatum		[37]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Good	6.15 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Tabernaemontana elegans	Apocynaceae	[37]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very Good	0.33 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Tabernaemontana pachysiphon	Apocynaceae	[26]	Kenya	Flower	Methanol	Very Good	4.4–4.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Tagetes minuta	Asteraceae	[75]	Uganda	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Nd	Nd	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb8	Nd
Tamarindus indica	Fabaceae	[23]	Sudan	Stem Barks	Methanol	Moderate	10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, Dd2	No
Tamarindus indica	Fabaceae	[110]	Togo	Fruits	Water	Very Good	4.786 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Tapinanthus dodoneifolius	Loranthaceae	[52]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Methanol	Good	5.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Tarchonanthus camphoratus	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Teclea nobilis	Rutaceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Moderate	3.9–20.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Teclea nobilis	Rutaceae	[75]	Uganda	Barks	Ethyl Acetate	Nd	Nd	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb9	Nd
Tecoma capensis	Bignoniaceae	[22]	South Africa	Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	10.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Tectona grandis	Lamiaceae	[112]	Ghana	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	0.92 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2	No
Terminalia avicennioides	Combretaceae	[50]	Nigeria	Ns	Methanol, Water, Butanol, Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	12.28–14.09 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, K1	Yes (SI ≥ 114; mouse heart-derived cells [NBMH])
Terminalia avicennioides	Combretaceae	[52]	Burkina Faso	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	1.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Terminalia glaucescens	Combretaceae	[39]	Ivory Coast	Stem, Leave	Water, Ethanol, Pentane	Very Good	2.34–4.83 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcm29, Fcb1, CQ-S (Nigerian)	No
Terminalia ivorensis	Combretaceae	[32]	Ghana	Stem Barks	Ethanol	Good	6.949 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Nd
Terminalia ivorensis	Combretaceae	[112]	Ghana	Leaves	Methanol	Good	5.70 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2	No
Terminalia macroptera	Combretaceae	[27]	Burkina Faso	Root Barks	Water	Very Good	1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Terminalia mollis	Combretaceae	[92]	Rwanda	Root Barks	Methanol	Moderate	11.7–26.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2	No
Terminalia spinosa	Combretaceae	[26]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Good	7.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Tetracera poggei Gilg	Dilleniaceae	[69]	DR Congo	Leaves	Petroleum Ether	Very Good	1.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Tetrapleura tetraptera	Fabaceae	[33]	Gabon	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Moderate	10.1–13.0 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB, 3D7	No
Thalia geniculata	Marantaceae	[65]	Benin	Roots	Methanol	Moderate	2.83- > 20 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 & K1	Nd
Tinospora bakis	Menispermaceae	[34]	Sudan	Whole Plant	Petroleum Ether/Chloroform	Very Good	< 5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Tithonia diversifolia	Asteraceae	[73]	S. Tome´ And Prı ´Ncipe	Aerial Parts	Petroleum Ether, Dichloromethane	Good	< 10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 And Dd2	Nd
Tithonia diversifolia	Asteraceae	[92]	Rwanda	Flowers	Dichloromethane	Very Good	1.0–1.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2	No
Toddalia asiatica	Rutaceae	[26]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	6.82–13.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Toddalia asiatica	Rutaceae	[125]	Kenya	Root Barks	Dichloromethane + Methanol	Very Good^a	9 – 100 ng/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Trichilia emetica	Meliaceae	[121]	Mali	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Moderate	11.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Nd
		[58]	Sudan	Leaves	Methanol	Good	2.5–17.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, Dd6	Nd
		[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Moderate	13.3 µg/ml C₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
		[25]	South Africa	Stem Barks	Acetone	Very Good	3.29 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum UP1 (CQ-R)	Nd
		[22]	South Africa	Leaves, Twigs	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	3.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Triclisia dictyophylla	Menispermaceae	[40]	D.R. Congo	Leaves	Water	Good	5.13 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	No
Tridax procumbens	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	17 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Tridax procumbens	Asteraceae	[26]	Kenya	Whole Plant	Methanol	Moderate	15.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Triumfetta welwitschii var. hirsuta	Malvaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	3.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Turraea floribunda	Meliaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	8.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Turraea floribunda	Meliaceae	[26]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Good	5.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Turraea robusta	Meliaceae	[72]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Very Good	2.4–3.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1, NF54	Nd
Turraea robusta	Meliaceae	[24]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Good	2.1–10.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Tylosema fassoglensis	Fabaceae	[30]	Kenya	Tubers	Dichloromethane	Very Good	0.77–0.896 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2, D6	Nd
Uapaca paludosa	Phyllanthaceae	[103]	Congo Brazzaville	Barks	Dichloromethane	Good	8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcm29-Cameroon	Nd
Uvaria acuminata	Annonaceae	[26]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	6.9–8.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Uvaria scheffleri	Annonaceae	[26]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Good	6.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Uvaria afzelii	Annonaceae	[48]	Ivory Coast	Roots	Pentane	Moderate	9–22 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCM29, CQ-S (Nigerian)	No
Uvariastrum zenkeri	Annonaceae	[49]	Cameroon	Twigs	Ethanol	Very Good	1.89 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Uvariodendron molundense	Annonaceae	[49]	Cameroon	Twigs	Methanol	Very Good	4.79 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Uvariopsis congolana	Annonaceae	[55]	Cameroon	Stems	Ethanol, Water, Dichloromethane, Methanol, Hexane	Very Good	4.47 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Vangueria infausta Burch. subsp. Infausta	Rubiaceae	[37]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very Good	1.84 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Vepris lanceolata	Rutaceae	[20]	Kenya	Root Barks	Ethyl Acetate	Good	7.0 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
Vernonia amygdalina	Asteraceae	[74]	S. Tome´ And Prı ´Ncipe	Leaves	Ethyl Acetate	Moderate	10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 And Dd2	Nd
		[80]	Cameroon	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Moderate	8.72–11.27 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, DD2	No
		[126]	Nigeria	Leaves	Ethanol	Good	9.83 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, NF-54	Yes (SI = 6.14; C-1008 kidney fibroblast
		[26]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Good	4.9–7.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
		[127]	Nigeria	Leaves	Ethanol	Moderate	11.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Yes (LD₅₀ = 1950 mg/kg; rat)
		[69]	D.R. Congo	Leaves	Petroleum Ether	Very Good	2.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	Nd
Vernonia brachycalyx	Asteraceae	[104]	Kenya	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Ethyl Acetate	Good	6.6—8.4 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K39, V1/S	Nd
Vernonia cinerea	Asteraceae	[45]	Cambodia	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane	Moderate	18.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Vernonia colorata	Asteraceae	[57]	Ivory Coast	Stems, Leaves	Water	Good	2.35–9.38 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1 & F32	Nd
		[54]	Zimbabwe	Leaves	Petrolether/Ethylacetate	Moderate	12.1–17.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Pow, Dd2	Nd
		[91]	Comoros	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very Good	3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	No
		[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	4.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Vernonia fastigiata	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Moderate	10 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Vernonia guineensis	Asteraceae	[128]	Cameroon	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Very Good	1.635—1.823 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum	No
Vernonia lasiopus	Compositae	[12]	Kenya	Leaves	Chloroform, Ethylacetate, Methanol	Very Good	1.0–3.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K39 (CQ-S), ENT30, NF54, V1/S	Nd
Vernonia lasiopus	Compositae	[73]	Kenya	Root Barks	Dichloromethane	Very Good	4.7–4.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1, NF54	Nd
Vernonia myriantha	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Vernonia oligocephala	Asteraceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Very Good	3.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Vismia guineensis	Hypericaceae	[48]	Ivory Coast	Leaves	Pentane	Moderate	15–20 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCM29, CQ-S (Nigerian)	Nd
Warburgia ugandensis	Canellaceae	[72]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Dichloromethane	Very Good	1.4–2.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1, NF54	Nd
Warburgia ugandensis	Canellaceae	[24]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	4.1–6.1 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Warburgia stuhlmannii	Canellaceae	[26]	Kenya	Stem Barks	Methanol	Very Good	1.8–2.3 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Ximenia americana	Olacaceae	[57]	Ivory Coast	Stem, Leave	Water	Very Good	0.6–2.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum Fcb1 & F32	Nd
Xylopia aethiopica	Annonaceae	[98]	Cameroon	Stem Barks	Water	Moderate^a	17.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W5	Nd
Xylopia aethiopica	Annonaceae	[49]	Cameroon	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	3.75 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Xylopia africana	Annonaceae	[49]	Cameroon	Stem Barks	Methanol	Very Good	1.07 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Xylopia parviflora (A.Rich.)Benth.Oliv	Annonaceae	[37]	South Africa	Roots	Dichloromethane	Very Good	2.19 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54	Nd
Xylopia parviflora (A.Rich.)Benth.Oliv	Annonaceae	[49]	Cameroon	Leaves	Methanol	Very Good	3.44 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Xylopia phloiodora	Annonaceae	[98]	Cameroon	Stem Barks	Water	Moderate^a	17.9 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd
Xysmalobium undulatum	Apocynaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Zanthoxylum chalybeum	Rutaceae	[137]	Kenya	Root Barks	Water	Good	2.32–5.52 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54, ENT30	Nd
		[77]	Uganda	Stem Barks	Ethyl Acetate	Very Good	0.57–3.21 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum NF54 & FCR3	Nd
		[92]	Rwanda	Root Barks	Methanol	Very Good	1.9–4.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, W2	No
		[20]	Tanzania	Root Barks	Ethyl Acetate	Very Good	4.2 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum K1	Nd
		[26]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Very Good	2.9–3.7 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Zanthoxylum gilletii	Rutaceae	[43]	Ivory Coast	Stem Barks	Ethanol	Very Good	2.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCB1	Nd
Zanthoxylum heitzii	Rutaceae	[129]	Republic Of Congo	Barkss	Hexane	Very Good^a	0.0089 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium berghei	Nd
Zanthoxylum tsihanimposa	Rutaceae	[130]	Madagascar	Stem Barks	Dichloromethane + Methanol	Very Good^a	98.4 µM IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum FCM29	Nd
Zanthoxylum usambarense	Rutaceae	[24]	Kenya	Root Barks	Methanol	Good	3.2–5.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Zea mays	Poaceae	[131]	Nigeria	Leaves	Ethanol, ethyl acetate	Good	3.69—9.31 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, INDO, Plasmodium berghei	Nd
Zehreria scabra	Cucurbitaceae	[22]	South Africa	Whole Plant	Dichloromethane/Methanol	Good	5.6 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Zehreria scabra	Cucurbitaceae	[26]	Kenya	Whole Plant	Methanol	Good	9.8 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Ziziphus abyssica	Rhamnaceae	[24]	Kenya	Leaves	Methanol	Moderate	17.5 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D6, W2	Nd
Ziziphus mucronata	Rhamnaceae	[22]	South Africa	Leaves	Dichloromethane	Moderate	12 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum D10	Nd
Ziziphus mucronata	Rhamnaceae	[25]	South Africa	Stem Barks	Acetone	Very Good	4.13 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum UP1 (CQ-R)	Nd
Ziziphus cambodiana	Rhamnaceae	[45]	Cambodia	Stems	Dichloromethane	Moderate	19.0 µg/ml IC₅₀	Plasmodium falciparum W2	Nd

Nd Not done, Ns Not specified, SI Selectivity index
^aActivity determined using pure compounds isolated from plant

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