Table 2 Type of breeding habitats found with anopheline larvae in urban settings across sub-Saharan Africa

Artificial

Urban farms

10

[12, 13, 18, 21, 26, 28, 154,155,156,157]

4

[27, 158,159,160]

Tyre tracks

4

[18, 28, 161, 162]

1

[19]

6

[22, 158, 160, 163,164,165]

Drains/gutter

4

[154, 159, 162, 166]

4

[19, 167,168,169]

5

[170, 158, 159, 164, 165]

Swimming pool

1

[21]

4

[22, 27, 159, 171]

Pools

4

[161, 162, 166, 172]

1

[168]

5

[160, 164, 165, 173, 174]

Polluted water

3

[13, 18, 155]

1

[19]

1

[175]

Pipes

1

[13]

2

[176, 177]

Dam

1

[155]

1

[178]

Brick holes

1

[155]

Domestic containers

2

[162, 166]

2

[19, 168]

3

[163, 165, 179]

Footsprint

2

[19, 167]

2

[163, 165]

Ditches/pits

1

[154]

1

[169]

4

[163,164,165, 174]

Rice paddies

1

[180]

2

[163, 165]

Puddles

1

[154]

2

[19, 169]

4

[159, 164, 173]

Holes

1

[164]

Canoes

2

[168, 169]

Total

33

18

43

Natural

Swamps

3

[28, 154, 155]

1

[19]

4

[159, 160, 163, 164]

Streams/rivers/lagoon

6

[21, 154, 156, 161, 32, 181]

1

[182]

3

[159, 164, 173]

Ponds

1

[161]

2

[178, 183]

1

[159]

Well

1

[13]

1

[168]

Ground water/springs

2

[27, 158]

Tree holes

2

[166, 168]

1

[184]

Clay soil

1

[21]

1

[27]

Flood plain/ravine

1

[155]

1

[171]

Total

13

7

13