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Table.1 Demographics of the respondent population and results from the multivariate tobit regression against total costs in 2020 GBP

From: Costs and barriers faced by households seeking malaria treatment in the Upper River Region, The Gambia

Descriptive statistics

Multivariate tobit regression†

N = 864

Median (IQR)

Coefficient

Standard error

p-value

Age

29 (19–41)

− 0.33

0.78

0.67

 

n (%)

   

Gender = female

566 (65.8)

− 42.55

29.07

0.143

Village

 Sare Njobo

86 (10.0)

− 33.54

41.99

0.424

 Sare Banico Gimara

29 (3.4)

63.78

54.42

0.241

 Sare Cherno

41 (4.8)

− 118.19

54.29

0.029*

 Jalali Kunda

36 (4.2)

12.53

57.31

0.827

 Sare Jallow

40 (4.6)

− 88.37

50.77

0.082

 Giroba

112 (13.0)

Reference level

 Sare Yoro Checky

36 (4.2)

− 34.61

53.15

0.515

 Keneba

60 (7.0)

17.45

44.62

0.696

 Sare Garba

38 (4.4)

184.35

49.31

0.000***

 Koli Kunda

75 (8.7)

122.43

40.85

0.003**

 Ceesay Kunda

54 (6.3)

79.82

43.88

0.069

 Karantaba

38 (4.4)

66.91

47.19

0.156

 Darsilameh Julah

35 (4.1)

175.12

54.09

0.001***

 Sare Gela

70 (8.1)

92.36

42.77

0.031*

 Sami Kuta

70 (8.1)

2.38

44.95

0.958

 Sare Biru

43 (5.0)

16.82

49.43

0.734

Status

 Compound head

69 (8.0)

Reference level

 Household head

24 (2.8)

− 8.54

68.70

0.901

 Compound member

226 (26.2)

− 56.73

39.24

0.148

 Wife

360 (41.7)

− 4.54

44.99

0.920

 Child

182 (21.1)

− 69.01

49.36

0.162

 Other

2 (0.2)

− 122.17

217.87

0.575

Education

 None

357 (41.1)

Reference level

 Standard‡

243 (28.2)

− 23.34

25.07

0.352

 Quranic

261 (30.2)

− 63.13

21.95

0.004**

 Other

2 (0.2)

− 154.83

155.49

0.319

Ethnic group

 

Not included in regression

 Fula

626 (72.5)

   

 Mandinka

172 (19.9)

   

 Sarahule

56 (6.5)

   

 Other

9 (1.0)

   

Primary economic activity

 Farming

694 (80.3)

− 3.07

29.65

0.918

 Herding

65 (7.5)

− 7.99

36.19

0.825

 Business

131 (15.2)

70.76

25.81

0.006**

 Domestic

263 (30.0)

− 10.21

20.26

0.614

  1. IQR interquartile range
  2. †Intercepts of model had as estimates 262.64 and 5.30 with standard errors of 68.05 and 0.03; both had p-values < 0.01
  3. ‡Standard education was defined as having enjoyed primary, junior, senior, and/or more than senior education
  4. Asterisks denote significance level: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001
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Malaria Journal

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